Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and its Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern: Single center experience

Rati, Ruchi; Patel, Jaya; Rishi, Suman

doi:10.17511/ijmrr.2015.1.019

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The study done by Mbakwem-Aniebo et al shows that the VC is more prevalent in the age group of 20-29 years which is also complementary to the findings of the present study [24]. The study carried out by Rati et al [25] and James et al [26] also states that the vulvovaginal candidiasis is more prevalent in the age group 20-29 years which resembles to the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of vaginal yeast infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women attending at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the tertiary care center in Central region of Nepal

Yadav

2022

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Background: Candida albicans represents the most abundant opportunistic strain. Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis and Candida lusitaniae may also mount infection under opportunistic conditions. The presence of candidal infection in the vagina is specified as a vaginal candidiasis. During pregnancy, vaginitis is more common, and there is a high chance of recurrent infection.In pregnancy, higher level of estrogen enhances the attachment of yeast cells to vaginal mucosa due to which woman are more susceptible to yeast infection. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the fungal burden of candidiasis in pregnant and non-pregnant ladies at a tertiary care centre in central region of Nepal. Methods: The study was conducted after receiving the approval from the Institutional Review Committee of Chitwan Medical College and Teaching Hospital (CMCTH). The recent study was carried in 150 women of child bearing age group visiting the Department of Gynecology and obstetrics at CMCTH during a period of 6 months from October 2020 to January 2021. The isolates were subjected to microscopy, culture and identification. Results: Among 150 samples processed in our microbiology laboratory during the study period, 41.7% of non-pregnant ladies were found to be positive for Candida sp. and 55.5% of the pregnant ladies were positive for Candida species. Conclusions: The ladies of child bearing age group are at high risk of vaginal candidiasis in Central region of Nepal. The present study shows that age and pregnancy both influences the colonization of fungi in women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of vaginal yeast infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women attending at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the tertiary care center in Central region of Nepal

Yadav

2022

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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“…However, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.653; p > 0.05). The highest frequency of VVC in pregnant women in the same age groups was reported by Rati et al [36] and Damen et al [17]. Although the association was not statistically significant, the majority of the VVC confirmed participants were in their third trimester [6][7][8] and had only basic education.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar (Oxoid Ltd., England) supplemented with 2% glucose and 0.5 μg/ml methylene blue by disk diffusion method for nystatin (100 μg), fluconazole (25 μg) and voriconazole (1 μg) disks (Oxoid Ltd., England) [31,32]. Using a sterile inoculating loop, an inoculum was prepared using distinct colonies of Candida isolates from the SDA plates which were transferred into a 5 ml test tube containing 0.85% sterile saline solution, and emulsified to form a suspension of turbidity equivalent to 0.5 McFarland standard as compared to a 0.5 McF PhoenixSpec Calibrator (Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA).…”

Section: Laboratory Test Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in the Ho municipality, Ghana: species identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates

Waikhom

Afeke

Kwawu

et al. 2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: Candida is the leading cause of vaginitis, and 75% of women have at least one episode of infection in their lives, with pregnancy being a predisposing factor. If left untreated, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) can lead to chorioamnionitis with subsequent abortion, prematurity and congenital infection of the neonate. We aimed to determine the prevalence of VVC, identify the recent and most frequently occurring species of Candida in pregnant women, and determine the most effective antifungal drug of choice for treatment. Method: A prospective cross-sectional study in which 176 high vaginal swab samples of consented pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic from February 2018 to April 2018 were subjected to direct gram smear and culture for Candida isolation. Candida isolates were identified using a germ tube test and HiCrome Candida differential agar. Candida isolates were then subjected to a disk diffusion method using fluconazole (25 μg), nystatin (100 units), and voriconazole (1 μg) on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% (w/v) glucose and 0.5 μg/ml methylene blue dye to determine the susceptibility pattern as per the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Chi-square analysis was used to ascertain the significant association of participants' sociodemographics and clinical presentations to VVC. A univariate logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors of VVC.

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“…Antifungal susceptibility testing of fluconazole (25 μg) was carried out by disc diffusion on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar method as described by [ 31 ] with slight modifications. Briefly, with a sterile inoculating loop, an inoculum was prepared using distinct colonies of C .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive triterpenoids from Solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains

et al. 2021

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection that affects women of reproductive age. Its increased occurrence and associated treatment cost coupled to the rise in resistance of the causative pathogen to current antifungal therapies has necessitated the need for the discovery and development of novel effective antifungal agents for the treatment of the disease. We report in this study the anti-Candida albicans activity of Solanum torvum 70% ethanol fruit extract (STF), fractions and some isolated compounds against four (4) fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans. We further report on the effect of the isolated compounds on the antifungal activity of fluconazole and voriconazole in the resistant isolates as well as their inhibitory effect on C. albicans biofilm formation. STF was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) to obtain four respective major fractions, which were then evaluated for anti-C. albicans activity using the microbroth dilution method. The whole extract and fractions recorded MICs that ranged from 0.25 to 16.00 mg/mL. From the most active fraction, STF- CHCl3 (MIC = 0.25–1.00 mg/mL), four (4) known compounds were isolated as Betulinic acid, 3-oxo-friedelan-20α-oic acid, Sitosterol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside and Oleanolic acid. The compounds demonstrated considerably higher antifungal activity (0.016 to 0.512 mg/mL) than the extract and fractions and caused a concentration-dependent anti-biofilm formation activity. They also increased the sensitivity of the C. albicans isolates to fluconazole. This is the first report of 3-oxo-friedelan-20α-oic acid in the plant as well as the first report of betulinic acid, sitosterol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid from the fruits of S. torvum. The present study has demonstrated the anti-C. albicans activity of the constituents of S. torvum ethanol fruit extract and also shown that the constituents possess anti-biofilm formation and resistance modulatory activities against fluconazole-resistant clinical C. albicans isolates.

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Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and its Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern: Single center experience

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of vaginal yeast infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women attending at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the tertiary care center in Central region of Nepal

Prevalence of vaginal yeast infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women attending at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the tertiary care center in Central region of Nepal

Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in the Ho municipality, Ghana: species identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates

Bioactive triterpenoids from Solanum torvum fruits with antifungal, resistance modulatory and anti-biofilm formation activities against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans strains

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