Vulvodynia: What We Know and Where We Should Be Going

Havemann, Logan M.; Cool, David R.; Gagneux, Pascal; Markey, Michael P.; Yaklic, Jerome L.; Maxwell, Rose; Iyer, Ashvin; Lindheim, Steven R.

doi:10.1097/lgt.0000000000000289

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…The sociodemographic characteristics reported in various studies [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] show that vulvodynia is prevalent in women under the age of 30. Other research indicates that more than 75% of female patients are less than 34 years old and most of them are under 25 years old [ 2 , 10 , 15 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

Patla

Mazur-Biały

Humaj-Grysztar

et al. 2023

Life

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The aim of this study was to investigate the severity of chronic vulvar pain in women with vulvodynia and its impact on their health-related quality of life (QL). The study group consisted of 76 women aged 19 to 58. The study was carried out using the diagnostic survey method, i.e., (1) the questionnaire technique, comprising (A) the author’s questionnaire (76 questions) and (B) the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, and (2) the VAS. When analyzing the severity of vulvar pain on the VAS, the highest proportion of women rated it at level 6 (23.68%). This was significantly determined by certain personal characteristics (age < 25 years old) and sociodemographic characteristics (marital status: unmarried women, divorcees, widows; high school education), each at p < 0.05. Vulvodynia causes a significant deterioration (64.47%) in QL, which is mainly caused by a reduction in the ability to perform activities of daily living (27.63%) and a decrease in sexual satisfaction (27.63%). The level of stress significantly exacerbates pain (p < 0.05). The severity correlates significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively (r < 0) with QL perception, which was rated worst in the physical domain. The use of treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the physical and psychological domains (p < 0.05), and the latter was particularly influenced by physiotherapy (p < 0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No correlations were found in the literature regarding vulvodynia in the context of isolated parameters, but correlations are observed in the area of BMI. Indeed, Naess I and Bø K. [ 44 ] showed that vulvodynia appeared more often in individuals with a low BMI. Another study on the remission of the disease conducted by Nguyen RH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

Patla

Mazur-Biały

Humaj-Grysztar

et al. 2023

Life

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“…In the clinical expression of VVS, many pathological mechanisms are involved [ 22 ]. The inflammatory aspect has a key role in generating the main symptoms of this syndrome [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies on the microbiome in VVS patients showed a prevalence of Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Enterococcus, and Candida albicans spp. [ 7 - 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovestibular Syndrome and Vaginal Microbiome: A Simple Evaluation

Vadalà

Testa²,

Coda³

et al. 2018

J Clin Med Res

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BackgroundThe vulvovestibular syndrome (VVS) is a chronic, inflammatory, multifactorial, chronic inflammation of the female urogenital access.MethodsThe aim of this anecdotal, observational, retrospective, case-control study was to comparatively evaluate the most common bacterial strains (Lactobacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Gardnerella spp., and Streptococcus spp.) and fungi (Candida spp., Pennicillum spp., and Aspergillus spp.) in vulvodinic women, and in women without gynecological symptoms (control group).ResultsWe found that vulvodinic patients had statistically lower Lactobacilli and higher total Fungi concentration.ConclusionsOur preliminary study is useful to further clarify the etiopathology of vulvodynia and suggest new therapeutic strategies for approaching the VVS.

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“…In addition, altered inflammatory response, associated with the VMB and discovered by molecular methods, may ultimately be linked to vulvodynia by VMB-mediated activation of nociceptive neurons. [105][106][107] Aiming to identify possible etiologies for bothersome vulvovaginal symptoms of pain and vaginitis, Mitchell et al 108 evaluated microbial and immunologic characteristics of women with "idiopathic vaginitis" (defined as moderate-severe vaginal discharge, itching, and irritation without a diagnosis) and vulvodynia and compared them with healthy women. Although G. vaginalis was less prevalent in women with vulvodynia (7% vs 31% in controls and 25% in idiopathic vaginitis, p = .03), there was no significant difference between the groups.…”

Section: The Vaginal Microbiome Nonspecific Symptoms and Vulvodyniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Vaginal Microbiome: III. The Vaginal Microbiome in Various Urogenital Disorders

Seta

Lonnée-Hoffmann

Campisciano

et al. 2022

J Low Genit Tract Dis

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This series of articles, titled The Vaginal Microbiome (VMB), written on behalf of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease, aims to summarize the recent findings and understanding of the vaginal bacterial microbiota, mainly regarding areas relevant to clinicians specializing in vulvovaginal disorders.Materials and Methods: A search of PubMed database was performed, using the search terms "vaginal microbiome" with "Candida," "vaginitis," "urinary microbiome," "recurrent urinary tract infections," "sexually transmitted infections," "human immunodeficiency virus," "human papillomavirus," "nonspecific vaginitis," "vulvodynia," and "vulvovaginal symptoms." Full article texts were reviewed. Reference lists were screened for additional articles. The third article in this series describes VMB in various urogenital disorders.Results: Variable patterns of the VMB are found in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis, challenging the idea of a protective role of lactobacilli. Highly similar strains of health-associated commensal bacteria are shared in both the bladder and vagina of the same individual and may provide protection against urinary tract infections. Dysbiotic VMB increases the risk of urinary tract infection. Loss of vaginal lactic acid-producing bacteria combined with elevated pH, increase the risk for sexually transmitted infections, although the exact protective mechanisms of the VMB against sexually transmitted infections are still unknown. Conclusions:The VMB may constitute a biological barrier to pathogenic microorganisms. When the predominance of lactobacilli community is disrupted, there is an increased risk for the acquisition of various vaginal pathogents. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe the association between the host, bacterial, and fungal components of the VMB.

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Vulvodynia: What We Know and Where We Should Be Going

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

Chronic Vulvar Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women with Vulvodynia

Vulvovestibular Syndrome and Vaginal Microbiome: A Simple Evaluation

The Vaginal Microbiome: III. The Vaginal Microbiome in Various Urogenital Disorders

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