Vulvahypoplasie bei einem Alpakacria – Erstbeschreibung eines Falls in Deutschland

Schünemann, Max Jakob; Böhm, Judith; Şendağ, Sait; Wehrend, Axel

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1623114

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…• Tables 4-6 The sizesα s of the new testsX 2 (17),X 2 , 1X 2 (26) for comparison of Poisson weighted histograms are close to a nominal value of a test size equal to 5% as well as the sizes of test X 2 p2 (34) [9].…”

Section: Conclusion To Subsection 621mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, according to [9], the disturbance of the median statistics is important. The authors of [9] have proposed tests for comparison of histograms of an equivalent number of unweighted events with false interpretation of these tests as tests for histograms with weighted entries. The methods from [9] are discussed in section 4 with numeric evaluation shown in subsection 6.2.1.…”

Section: Homogeneity Test For Comparison Two Histograms With Normalizmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of an equivalent number of unweighted events has been introduced in [9]. An equivalent number of unweighted events for i th bin of weighted histogram is W i r i .…”

Section: Test For Comparison Of Weighted Poisson Histogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first histogram represents the p(x) distribution with weights 2p(x) g 2 (x) and the second histogram represents the p(x) distribution of event with weights 3p(x) g 3 (x) . To compare two Poisson weighted histograms with unnormalized weights the new statisticX 2 (26), the first statistic X 2 p1 (31) [9] and the second statistic X 2 p2 (34) [9] were used.…”

Section: Size Of Tests For the Poisson Weighted Histogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of two weighted histograms and comparison of weighted and unweighted histograms as well as fitting weights of simulated random events to an experimental histogram are all important parts of data analysis. Tests for comparing weighted histograms have been developed in [7,8] while tests for Poisson weighted histograms have been proposed in [9]. This paper is organized as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tests for comparing weighted histograms. Review and improvements

Gagunashvili

2017

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

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Histograms with weighted entries are used to estimate probability density functions. Computer simulation is the main application of this type of histograms. A review on chi-square tests for comparing weighted histograms is presented in this paper. Improvements to these tests that have a size closer to its nominal value are proposed. Numerical examples are presented for evaluation and demonstration of various applications of the tests.

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Section: Conclusion To Subsection 621mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Homogeneity Test For Comparison Two Histograms With Normalizmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of an equivalent number of unweighted events has been introduced in [9]. An equivalent number of unweighted events for i th bin of weighted histogram is W i r i .…”

Section: Test For Comparison Of Weighted Poisson Histogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Size Of Tests For the Poisson Weighted Histogramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tests for comparing weighted histograms. Review and improvements

Gagunashvili

2017

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

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Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

et al. 2020

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Background The increasing popularity of alpacas and llamas outside of South America is undeniable. The associated limited genetic diversity raises questions about health and other genetically determined traits like coat colour. Therefore, a survey studying the prevalence of congenital disorders and coat colours and patterns in South American camelids was performed in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Moreover, the motivation for keeping these animals, the herd size and breeds was assessed. Results A total of 146 questionnaires were returned corresponding to 16 farms from Austria, 69 farms from Germany, and 61 farms from Switzerland. In total, the returned surveys reported data on 2770 animals including ~ 85% alpacas and ~ 15% llamas. The most common alpaca breed was Huacaya (87.7%), the most common llama breed was Wooly (15.6%). Breeding (69.4%), wool production (63.3%) and keeping them as pets (53.7%) were the most common motivations to keep these animals, although this varied among countries. The three coat colour groups, solid white (24.8%), brown and black (64.8%) and grey (10.4%), occurred at different frequencies. About 7% of the South American camelids with solid white coat showed blue-pigmented eyes, corresponding to the known blue-eyed white phenotype, of which more than every second animal was apparently deaf. Uniform solid coloured animals occurred predominantly (81.4%), whereas pinto (8.8%), speckled (6.4%) and spotted (3.4%), also known as appaloosa, were comparably less prevalent. In total 161 observations of congenital disorders occurring during a 5-year-period were reported. The most prevalent disorders were in the group of musculoskeletal disorders such as spiral toe growth (16.4%), hyperextension of the fetlock joint (12.3%), angular limb deformities (11.0%) and axial rotation of the limbs (8.2%). Conclusions This survey revealed first insights into the occurrence of different traits and disorders in the current South American camelid population of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. The identification of the most common musculoskeletal disorders might encourage the breeders to eliminate affected animals from their breeding program to decrease the incidence although traits such as spiral toe growth might also represent phenocopies.

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Vulvahypoplasie bei einem Alpakacria – Erstbeschreibung eines Falls in Deutschland

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Tests for comparing weighted histograms. Review and improvements

Tests for comparing weighted histograms. Review and improvements

Prevalence of coat colour traits and congenital disorders of South American camelids in Austria, Germany and Switzerland

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