Vulnerability to climate variability and drought among small and marginal farmers: a case study in Odisha, India

Panda, Architesh

doi:10.1080/17565529.2016.1184606

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In other contexts off-farm income has been important in helping small-scale farmers cope with shocks in India (Gaurav 2015), Mozambique (Cunguara et al 2011), and South America (Bebbington 1999). In Odisha, vulnerable farming communities are characterized by dependence https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss4/art3/ on subsistence rice farming and limited off-farm opportunities (Panda 2016). In the Mahanadi, we found that the lack of offfarm employment opportunities is a constraint for rice farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Resilience to hazards: rice farmers in the Mahanadi Delta, India

Duncan¹,

Tompkins²,

Dash³

et al. 2017

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Developing country deltas are important food producing areas and are home to large numbers of subsistence farmers. In particular, rice farmers dominate the populous deltas of South and Southeast Asia and face frequent climate hazards that have short-and long-term impacts on rice production and livelihoods. The aim of this study is to identify and explain proximal and ultimate factors (land access, cultural practices, and institutional support) that affect rice farmer resilience, that is, to explain why some farmers are more sensitive to climate shocks, why some farmers suffer long-term impacts from climate shocks, and what underlying "ultimate" factors reproduce this vulnerability over time. We undertake this analysis using qualitative interviews and household survey data from two districts in the Mahanadi Delta, Odisha, India. We show that climate hazards cause rice production shocks that are problematic for farmers because rice is predominantly used for household consumption in a context of unreliable off-farm income sources and a lack of insurance and credit. Our research emphasizes that "ultimate" drivers interact with the current mode of rice cultivation to reproduce a low resilience farming state. We argue that agricultural development interventions seeking to make rice farming more resilient to climate hazards should focus on boosting productivity and shock-resistance, but also be cognizant of the system within which rice farming is practiced and the contextual "ultimate" factors that reproduce vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Resilience to hazards: rice farmers in the Mahanadi Delta, India

Duncan¹,

Tompkins²,

Dash³

et al. 2017

E&S

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“…Although voluminous data has been accumulating on vulnerability over the years across the world 1,3,9,15,[17][18][19] , it continues to be a subject of discussion and research in different geographical settings. It is much more relevant in the context of rural India, where households often witness climatic shocks such as cyclonic storms, floods and droughts which are likely to increase in the foreseeable future due to climate change 12,13,20,21 . Previous studies in the Indian context assess risks and shocks that affect welfare of the households and intensity of these shocks, identify potential groups of vulnerable households and determinants, and constraints and effectiveness of various coping strategies 2,7,10,13,[18][19][20][22][23][24] .…”

Section: Vulnerability and Developmental Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is much more relevant in the context of rural India, where households often witness climatic shocks such as cyclonic storms, floods and droughts which are likely to increase in the foreseeable future due to climate change 12,13,20,21 . Previous studies in the Indian context assess risks and shocks that affect welfare of the households and intensity of these shocks, identify potential groups of vulnerable households and determinants, and constraints and effectiveness of various coping strategies 2,7,10,13,[18][19][20][22][23][24] . Concurrently, over the years, various developmental interventions have also been implemented in rural India to eradicate poverty and for enhancing living standards of rural households.…”

Section: Vulnerability and Developmental Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The western part of Odisha is vulnerable to droughts and frequent deficient rainfall spells which affect a majority of rural households 12,13 . Further, there is a possibility of increase in probability of severe and extreme droughts in the state 31 .…”

Section: Study Area Data and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In doing so, we study the effects of a specific developmental intervention undertaken in rural Western Odisha (prior to 2011 spelled as Orissa), India on the vulnerability of households. This region is highly vulnerable to climatic risks like droughts, deficient rainfall spells and flash floods [11][12][13] . The intervention in question is the Western Orissa Rural Livelihoods Project (WORLP) funded by the Department for International Development, United Kingdom and implemented over a period of ten years (2000-10) by the Odisha Watershed Development Mission (OWDM), an autonomous agency of the Government of Odisha.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Can Developmental Interventions Reduce Households’ Vulnerability? Empirical Evidence from Rural India

Patnaik¹,

Das²,

Bahinipati³

et al. 2017

Current Science

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Vulnerability is a multidimensional concept incorporating notions of risk and poverty. While it has been established that higher incidence of poverty in developing countries exacerbates vulnerability, the role of risk requires closer inspection. Developmental interventions in these countries target poverty reduction, which in turn, could reduce vulnerability. However, a key question is whether developmental interventions reduce the vulnerability and risks faced by households. To answer this, the present study empirically examines the impact of developmental interventions on the vulnerability of households in a rural Indian setting. The major advantage hence is that it not only looks into the impact on aggregate vulnerability but also its different components such as poverty, covariate, idiosyncratic and unexplained risks. Empirical analysis is based on a survey of 800 households in the drought-prone villages of western Odisha, India, where a key developmental intervention, Western Orissa Rural Livelihood Project was implemented during the last decade. Adopting 'vulnerability as expected utility' approach, this study reveals three major findings. First, both aggregate risk and poverty are the dominant sources of vulnerability, with the former accounting for a sizable share. Second, the households that benefited from livelihood interventions are found less vulnerable. Third, the other major determinants of vulnerability are education, access to social network, family size and crop-diversification. From a policy perspective, results support continuation of these programmes, but realigning these also target risk reduction.

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Analysis of drought and vulnerability in the North Darfur region of Sudan

et al. 2018

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North Darfur of Sudan is located on the edge of the Sahara Desert and endures frequent droughts due to water shortages and high summer temperatures. Monitoring and understanding drought characteristics are essential for integrated drought risk mitigation and prevetion of land degradation. This study evaluates drought conditions in North Darfur by analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of drought using three drought indices (Standardized Precipitation Index, Vegetation Condition Index, and Soil Moisture Content Index) and their combined drought index (CDI) from 2004 to 2013. Biophysical and socioeconomic indicators are further used to measure vulnerability to drought risk and its three components (exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity) through a comprehensive risk assessment framework. The results show that most of North Darfur has experienced prolonged droughts during the study period, especially from 2007 to 2011. There is also a significant correlation between the monsoon season CDI and annual crop yield anomaly. The results confirm the validity of the CDI index, which provides a comprehensive description of the drought situation by combing four drought indices quantifying different drought aspects. The vulnerability results show that the majority of this region is highly exposed and sensitive to drought risks. In particular, the northern zone of the region is highly vulnerable, which is categorized by less‐crop diversity, higher land degradation, frequent droughts, and high‐poverty levels. This study provides valuable information for coping with climate change‐induced drought risk in this region and demonstrates that there is still a large room for enhancing the adaptation capacity in this region.

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Vulnerability to climate variability and drought among small and marginal farmers: a case study in Odisha, India

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

Resilience to hazards: rice farmers in the Mahanadi Delta, India

Resilience to hazards: rice farmers in the Mahanadi Delta, India

Can Developmental Interventions Reduce Households’ Vulnerability? Empirical Evidence from Rural India

Analysis of drought and vulnerability in the North Darfur region of Sudan

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