Vulnerability of Buildings on Coastal Dikes due to Wave Overtopping

Chen, Xuexue; Jonkman, Sebastiaan N.; Pasterkamp, S.; Suzuki, Tomohiro; Altomare, Corrado

doi:10.3390/w9060394

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Overtopping flow can be changed by the interaction with structures. When overtopping is severe, overtopping waves can destroy the facade (i.e., the first defense of the dwellings/apartment buildings, such as windows, see examples in [13]), waves can propagate further even inside buildings. Then, the wave will be reflected to the seaward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Overtopping Waves on Sea Dikes with Gentle and Shallow Foreshores

Suzuki

Altomare

Yasuda

et al. 2020

JMSE

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Due to ongoing climate change, overtopping risk is increasing. In order to have effective countermeasures, it is useful to understand overtopping processes in details. In this study overtopping flow on a dike with gentle and shallow foreshores are investigated using a non-hydrostatic wave-flow model, SWASH (an acronym of Simulating WAves till SHore). The SWASH model in 2DV (i.e., flume like configuration) is first validated using the data of long crested wave cases with second order wave generation in the physical model test conducted. After that it is used to produce overtopping flow in different wave conditions and bathymetries. The results indicated that the overtopping risk is better characterized by the time dependent h (overtopping flow depth) and u (overtopping flow velocity) instead of hmax (maximum overtopping flow depth) and umax (maximum overtopping flow velocity), which led to overestimation of the risk. The time dependent u and h are strongly influenced by the dike configuration, namely by the promenade width and the existence of a vertical wall on the promenade: the simulation shows that the vertical wall induces seaward velocity on the dike which might be an extra risk during extreme events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Overtopping Waves on Sea Dikes with Gentle and Shallow Foreshores

Suzuki

Altomare

Yasuda

et al. 2020

JMSE

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“…However, the developed frameworks address different aspects, like the identification of the degree of spatial and structural integration (Ellen et al, 2011b;Voorendt, 2017;Van Veelen et al, 2015), the identification of costs and benefits (Anvarifar et al, 2013), the identification of the threats and opportunities (Anvarifar et al, 2017), and the identification and evaluation of flexibility for MFFDs (Anvarifar et al, 2016). Other studies on MFFDs tend to only focus on the effects of a specific multifunctional element or failure mechanism (Chen et al, 2017;Bomers et al, 2018;Zanetti et al, 2011). Only recently was an assessment framework specifically for hybrid naturebased flood defences put forward, accounting for multiple failures by putting vegetation-specific equations directly into the assessment procedure (Vuik et al, 2018).…”

Section: Synthesizing a Risk-based Approach To Mffd Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluating safety risks of multifunctional dikes with a probabilistic risk framework

Marijnissen

Kok

Kroeze

et al. 2019

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. It is not uncommon for a flood defence to be combined with other societal uses as a multifunctional flood defence, from housing in urban areas to nature conservation in rural areas. The assessment of the safety of multifunctional flood defences is often done using conservative estimates. This study synthesizes new probabilistic approaches to evaluate the safety of multifunctional flood defences employed in the Netherlands and explores the results of these approaches. In this paper a case representing a typical Dutch river dike combining a flood safety function with a nature and housing function is assessed by its probability of failure for multiple reinforcement strategies considering multiple relevant failure mechanisms. Results show how the conservative estimates of multifunctional flood defences lead to a systematic underestimation of the reliability of these dikes. Furthermore, in a probabilistic assessment uncertainties introduced by multifunctional elements affect the level of safety of the dike proportional to the reliability of the dike itself. Hence, dikes with higher protection levels are more suitable to be combined with potentially harmful uses for safety, whereas dikes with low protection levels can benefit most from uses that contribute to safety.

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“…The main aim is to prove that overtopping flow characteristics and wave forces are modelled correctly and that the hybridization can represent a reliable solution that can be used as complementary or alternative to physical (Belgium) to measure forces on the vertical wall (i.e. building), the layer thickness and velocities of the overtopping flows [103]. The geometrical layout is depicted in Figure 11: the foreshore slope was 1:35 and dike height 0.1 m. The dike slope was 1:3.…”

Section: Test Case Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Surface Flow Simulations with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method using High-Performance Computing

Altomare¹,

Viccione²,

Tagliafierro³

et al. 2018

Computational Fluid Dynamics - Basic Instruments and Applications in Science

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Today, the use of modern high-performance computing (HPC) systems, such as clusters equipped with graphics processing units (GPUs), allows solving problems with resolutions unthinkable only a decade ago. The demand for high computational power is certainly an issue when simulating free-surface flows. However, taking the advantage of GPU's parallel computing techniques, simulations involving up to 10 9 particles can be achieved. In this framework, this chapter shows some numerical results of typical coastal engineering problems obtained by means of the GPU-based computing servers maintained at the Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab) from Vigo University in Ourense (Spain) and the Tier-1 Galileo cluster of the Italian computing centre CINECA. The DualSPHysics free package based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique was used for the purpose. SPH is a meshless particle method based on Lagrangian formulation by which the fluid domain is discretized as a collection of computing fluid particles. Speedup and efficiency of calculations are studied in terms of the initial interparticle distance and by coupling DualSPHysics with a NLSW wave propagation model. Water free-surface elevation, orbital velocities and wave forces are compared with results from experimental campaigns and theoretical solutions.

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Vulnerability of Buildings on Coastal Dikes due to Wave Overtopping

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of Overtopping Waves on Sea Dikes with Gentle and Shallow Foreshores

Characterization of Overtopping Waves on Sea Dikes with Gentle and Shallow Foreshores

Re-evaluating safety risks of multifunctional dikes with a probabilistic risk framework

Free-Surface Flow Simulations with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method using High-Performance Computing

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