Vulnerability assessment of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia: World's most irreplaceable nature reserve

Duran-Izquierdo, Margareth; Olívero-Verbel, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01592

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Furthermore, we found the Santa Marta and Perijá mountains, which harbor a large number of endemisms (Kattan et al 2004), have the highest proportion of threatened subspecies (Fig. 6) but receive few conservation efforts (López-O et al 2014, Duran-Izquierdo andOlivero-Verbel 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Incorporating intraspecific variation into species responses reveals both their resilience and vulnerability to future climate change

Palacio,

Clark

2023

Ecography

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Incorporating intraspecific variation into species responses can improve our understanding of the effects of climate change. However, most studies overlook such variation or model intraspecific groups independently, leading to widely varying estimates at the species level. In this study, we used a generalized additive framework to model the climate responses of 25 bird species in the tropical Andes, allowing for the estimation of nonlinear responses between subspecies. We measured the effects of environmental covariates (climate, topography, and primary productivity) on relative abundances and projected population trends for near‐future (2050) scenarios. Compared with models that ignored subspecies, the subspecies‐level models performed better in terms of accuracy, discrimination, and goodness‐of‐fit, while projecting fewer species to decline in relative abundance. Thus, species could be more resilient than estimated using species‐level models that ignore intraspecific variation. Nevertheless, our modeling approach also revealed that intraspecific groups may be vulnerable to future threats. We found that subspecies can have low relative abundances and small population sizes. Additionally, based on a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment, one in four subspecies could be threatened due to a small geographical range or a declining population trend. Most of these subspecies at risk inhabit centers of endemism in the northern Andes, such as the Santa Marta Mountains and the Serranía de Perijá. We suggest that protecting subspecies and other intraspecific groups (e.g. populations) could be a critical conservation strategy to buffer against the impacts of climate change, especially in biologically diverse regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Incorporating intraspecific variation into species responses reveals both their resilience and vulnerability to future climate change

Palacio,

Clark

2023

Ecography

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“…Most of the species’ hypothesized distribution lies within the Sierra Nevada National Park (Supplementary Material Figure S3), and the national government recently agreed with four indigenous groups on a long-term management plan and the expansion of the park. A strategy to strengthen governance is required to accompany this new arrangement given that the protection of natural ecosystems within the park has not been effective (Duran-Izquierdo and Olivero-Verbel 2021). The focal population near Chemesquemena and at San José is currently unprotected, and despite being located within Kankuamo and Kogi indigenous reserves, land-use practices (e.g., fires and forest clearing) in the Guatapurí basin may pose a threat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Santa Marta Sabrewing ( Campylopterus phainopeplus ) is the rarest and most poorly-known of the 24 endemic bird species restricted to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), an isolated coastal mountain range in northern Colombia that is considered the most important continental centre of endemism in the world and Earth’s most irreplaceable nature reserve (Le Saout et al . 2013, Duran-Izquierdo and Olivero-Verbel 2021, BirdLife International 2023a). With only one documented record since 1946, this hummingbird is listed as critically endangered (CR) by the IUCN given its rarity and presumed very small population (< 50 mature individuals; BirdLife International 2023b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, ecology, and natural history of the recently rediscovered and critically endangered Santa Marta Sabrewing

Botero-Delgadillo,

Lara,

Vega

et al. 2024

Preprint

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SummaryThe Santa Marta Sabrewing is a critically endangered (CR) hummingbird endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Prior to 2022, there were only three documented sightings of the sabrewing since it was described in 1879, including only one record between 1946 and 2022. As a result, this “lost” species has long been one of the most poorly-known birds in Colombia. We located a resident population of Santa Marta Sabrewing along the Guatapurí River near the Chemesquemena and Guatapurí villages in July 2022, and at its type locality, San José, in January 2023. Based on historical data and newly-collected field observations, we assess the species’ status and describe aspects of its natural history and ecology. Our review indicates the species has been frequently misidentified in the past, and that to date, documented evidence of its presence is limited to five localities, almost all of them restricted to the south-eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, along the mid Guatapurí river basin. Consequently, this bird appears to represent a case of microendemism. Following IUCN criteria, our data suggest that Santa Marta Sabrewing should remain listed as CR. Field observations indicate that the species is highly associated with watercourses, where males hold year-round territories and form leks. We obtained records of males in mid-elevation habitats (1,150–1,850 m) for 16 consecutive months between July 2022 and October 2023, suggesting that the species might not be an elevational migrant, as previously speculated. More information is needed to understand the species’ ecology so that effective conservation actions can be designed in collaboration with the indigenous communities with which the species coexists.

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“…For example, Santa Marta wren ( Troglodytes monticola ), which is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, is subjected to many industrial development and extractive pressures, such as mining, illicit crops, and unsustainable agricultural intensification. Despite technically being co‐managed with the Tayrona Indigenous Confederation representing the Indigenous Kogi, Wiwa, Arhuaco and Kankuamo communities, and demands from them for the area to be free from mining, there has been a lack of enforcement on environmental protection policies (Duran‐Izquierdo & Olivero‐Verbel, 2021). Having autonomy over land management, supportive policies, and enforcement of these policies is often critical for enabling biodiversity conservation in IPL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Peoples' Lands are critical for safeguarding vertebrate diversity across the tropics

Sze,

Childs,

Carrasco

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Indigenous Peoples are long‐term custodians of their lands, but only recently are their contributions to conservation starting to be recognized in biodiversity policy and practice. Tropical forest loss and degradation are lower in Indigenous lands than unprotected areas, yet the role of Indigenous Peoples' Lands (IPL) in biodiversity conservation has not been properly assessed from regional to global scales. Using species distribution ranges of 11,872 tropical forest‐dependent vertebrates to create area of habitat maps, we identified the overlap of these species ranges with IPL and then compared values inside and outside of IPL for species richness, extinction vulnerability, and range‐size rarity. Of assessed vertebrates, at least 76.8% had range overlaps with IPL, on average overlapping ~25% of their ranges; at least 120 species were found only within IPL. Species richness within IPL was highest in South America, while IPL in Southeast Asia had highest extinction vulnerability, and IPL in Dominica and New Caledonia were important for range‐size rarity. Most countries in the Americas had higher species richness within IPL than outside, whereas most countries in Asia had lower extinction vulnerability scores inside IPL and more countries in Africa and Asia had slightly higher range‐size rarity in IPL. Our findings suggest that IPL provide critical support for tropical forest‐dependent vertebrates, highlighting the need for greater inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in conservation target‐setting and program implementation, and stronger upholding of Indigenous Peoples' rights in conservation policy.

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Vulnerability assessment of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia: World's most irreplaceable nature reserve

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

Incorporating intraspecific variation into species responses reveals both their resilience and vulnerability to future climate change

Incorporating intraspecific variation into species responses reveals both their resilience and vulnerability to future climate change

Distribution, ecology, and natural history of the recently rediscovered and critically endangered Santa Marta Sabrewing

Indigenous Peoples' Lands are critical for safeguarding vertebrate diversity across the tropics

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