Vulnerability analysis of the global liner shipping network: from static structure to cascading failure dynamics

Xu, Xiujuan; Zhu, Yifan; Xu, Mengqiao; Deng, Wenhui; Zuo, Yuqing

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106325

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Geographical distance naturally influences the efficiency. Among the shortest paths between two ports, those with smaller geographical distance are of larger probability to be realistic paths adopted by shipping companies (LaRock et al., 2022; Song & Dong, 2012; Xu et al., 2022). Moreover, for any link between two ports, the link weight (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Yantian port was partially blocked in June 2021 due to the COVID‐19 outbreak, with its capacity dropping to 30% (Leonard, 2021). In liner shipping practice, port disruptions can cause shipping lines adjust their liner shipping service routes by omitting call at a disrupted port (Dirzka & Acciaro, 2022; Xu et al., 2022). Therefore, to model a port's different levels of disruption, we introduce a disruption degree parameter

b \in

[0,1], which indicates the ratio of service routes omitting call at this disrupted port to the total number of service routes originally calling at this port.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance metrics for vulnerability assessment of maritime networks can be generally divided into two categories: topological metrics and functional metrics. Topological metrics include average shortest path length (Jiao et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2018), network efficiency, size of the giant component (Xu et al., 2022) etc. The shortest path length between two ports indicates the topological distance between them, which is commonly assumed to be adversely proportional to the efficiency between the two ports.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the efficiency and vulnerability of global liner shipping network

Zhu

Deng

et al. 2023

Global Networks

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Global liner shipping network (GLSN) constitutes an essential part of global maritime supply chains, but it could be vulnerable to disruptions. This paper develops an integrated framework for assessing the efficiency and vulnerability of GLSN. Specifically, a novel efficiency metric is proposed to quantify the performance of GLSN, and the framework enables modeling different levels of port disruption scenarios. Results show that the overall GLSN is quite robust under the partial disruption scenario of any single port (or of any single country's ports), but the damage to different countries is highly heterogeneous. Under dismantling scenarios where the identified most critical ports (countries) are successively disrupted, the GLSN vulnerability increases non‐linearly with an increasing level of disruption. Our findings demonstrate that it is necessary to monitor and protect the identified critical ports (countries); especially, avoiding their simultaneously complete disruptions is of vital importance to the robust functionality of GLSN.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

b \in

[0,1], which indicates the ratio of service routes omitting call at this disrupted port to the total number of service routes originally calling at this port.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the efficiency and vulnerability of global liner shipping network

Zhu

Deng

et al. 2023

Global Networks

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“…where Z ′ is the number of nodes with a giant component size after the network is attacked and Z is the initial giant component size. (4) Node vulnerability and criticality According to the study of Xu [28], the node vulnerability V UW i is defined as the average value of the impact of other node failures on the node.…”

Section: Network Connectivity Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cascading failure models have also been applied to a variety of networks, such as land transportation networks [22], supply chain networks [23], the internet [24], power grids [25], wireless sensor networks [26], and water distribution networks [27]. Xu et al [28] proposed a new cascading failure model for shipping systems and used it to study global liner shipping networks. At present, there are few studies on the cascade failure of land-sea transportation network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Cascading Failure Robustness of the Belt and Road Land–Sea Transport Network under Emergencies

Ding,

Wang,

2024

Symmetry

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When studying an unfamiliar system, we first look for the symmetry that the system has so that we can make many predictions about the possible properties of the system. The symmetry in transport network security needs to maintain a stable state and maintain a constant state of transport network security. With the development of China–Europe freight trains, the transport between Asia and Europe has gradually formed the Belt and Road (B&R) land–sea transport network. In order to analyze the cascading failure mechanism of the B&R land–sea transport network, a network cascading failure model is constructed. Then, the quantitative analysis of the connectivity indicators of the land–sea transport network is conducted from the node attack strategy, and it is compared with the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) shipping network. Finally, the robustness of the land–sea transport network under emergencies is analyzed. From the results of deliberate attacks, the attack threshold of the B&R land–sea transport network is the same as that of the MSR shipping network, and the maximum number of attacks is slightly less than that of the MSR shipping network. The Russia–Ukraine conflict has a minimal impact on the robustness of cascading failure in the land–sea transport network. The Red Sea crisis may have a significant impact on the robustness of cascading failure in the land–sea transport network. The research results can provide suggestions for improving the robustness of the B&R land–sea transport network.

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