VSL#3 Probiotic Upregulates Intestinal Mucosal Alkaline Sphingomyelinase and Reduces Inflammation

Abstract

Mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity is reduced in the intestine of IL10KO mice with colitis and in humans with ulcerative colitis. VSL#3 probiotic therapy upregulates mucosal alkaline sphingomyelinase activity.

Balancing inflammatory, lipid, and xenobiotic signaling pathways by VSL#3, a biotherapeutic agent, in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

“…[41][42][43][44][45][46] Hence, major interest exists in developing therapeutics, such as biologics, which target effector molecules of the immune system and probiotics which modulate the composition of the gut microbiota. Clinical evidence to date indicates that probiotics can maintain remission in mild to moderate forms of ulcerative colitis, pouchitis, and CD, [47][48][49][50][51] but not in patients with severe forms of IBD. 52 To elucidate the potential mechanisms of therapeutic action of probiotics we elected to use IL10-KO mice, which due to their Th1 phenotype represent a clinically accepted model of human CD and the clinically approved probiotic VSL#3.…”

Importance of disrupted intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel diseases

“…[270][271][272][273][274] Clinical trials on probiotic VSL#3 has shown the strongest evidence in decreasing disease activity and preventing relapse. 275,276 VSL#3 has been shown to increase mucosal barrier function, decrease translocation of bacteria, and prevent the attachment of pathogenic bacteria.…”

Probiotics Applications in Autoimmune Diseases

“…The studies showed a low number of reported side effects which were consistently mild, so safety in the trialled patient types was assumed. The outcomes from the trials were encouraging as the probiotic treated groups usually showed an improvement in disease state [92,[161][162][163][164][165][166]. This identified VSL#3 as a feasible new UC treatment but a large, randomised, placebo controlled study was needed to verify results [167].…”