VRoad

Automotive eHMI Development in Virtual Reality: Lessons Learned from Current Studies

“…Conducted questionnaires to assess level of immersion and simulation sickness showed little to no discomfort in user feedbacks [14,16,19]. Some participants experienced increased discomfort [16] but no abortions were documented [14,17,19]. The time spent in the VR was documented between 20 and 40 minutes which is within the recommended limits stated by [13].…”

“…The studies showed a typical western urban environment from a pedestrian's point of view showing at least all relevant characteristics of a street (i.e., sideways, lane markings) and some building structures. The lack of descripted devices used in [17] in addition to an unspecified hardware failure makes this study in terms of hardware specification difficult to compare. Aligned with user feedback across all studies, the immersive experience can be described as positive.…”

“…Since setups are not fully described in detail (as shown in table 1), we are summarizing the approximated setup as sufficient in terms of FOV, refresh rate, resolution and level of detail. Sound was implemented by [14,16,17] using audio environment with dynamical changes depending on vehicle speed and distance. Two studies [15,18] reported using headphones which can be attributed to the integrated headphones of the HMD and may imply a sound environment.…”

“…Controllers were used in [15,16] to determine a movement decision by pressing a button on the motion controller. In the study by [17], participants used gestures to signal the AV to stop. However, an unspecified technical problem occurred during the recognition which limits the results.…”

“…Although slightly different in setup constellation, studies share similar HMD specifications. All setups provided a visual environment with currently common 3D engines like Unity or Unreal Engine, providing potentially high-resolution images for the HMD [15][16][17][18][19].…”