Voxelwise meta-analysis of gray matter anomalies in chronic cigarette smokers

Zhong, JianGuo; Shi, HaiCun; Shen, Yuan; Dai, Zhenyu; Zhu, YingLing; Ma, HaiRong; Sheng, LiQin

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.016

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our main finding of a thinner frontal cortex in smokers is in line with previous reports describing CT and volume differences between smokers and non-smokers (Durazzo et al, 2013; Kühn et al, 2010; Li et al, 2015; Wang et al, 2015; Zhong et al, 2016). We also observed a relationship between smoking and total CT, which is in agreement with more widespread effects found in earlier studies (Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A recent meta-analysis on studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed that smokers had smaller gray matter volumes bilaterally in the frontal cortex and larger volumes in the right lingual cortex (Zhong et al, 2016). Other studies used cortical thickness (CT) as an outcome measure, which has been argued to be a more specific and sensitive measure for gray matter loss than VBM (Kühn et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of tobacco smoking on frontal cortical thickness development: A longitudinal study in a mixed cohort of ADHD-affected and -unaffected youth

Akkermans

Rooij

Rommelse

et al. 2017

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Smoking rates are particularly high during adolescence and young adulthood, when the brain is still undergoing significant developmental changes. Cross-sectional studies have revealed altered brain structure in smokers, such as thinner frontal cortical areas. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of becoming nicotine-dependent, and has also been associated with abnormalities in frontal gray matter structure. The present study examines the relationships between smoking, cortical thickness and ADHD symptoms in a longitudinal design that compares adolescent and young adult smokers (n=44; 35 ADHD-affected) and non-smokers (n=45; 32 ADHD-affected) on frontal cortical thickness. Average frontal cortical thickness was estimated through structural magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (mean ages 17.7 and 21.1 years), on average 3.4 years apart. Smokers had a 2.6% thinner frontal cortex than non-smokers and this effect was not explained by ADHD or other confounding factors. The rate of cortical thinning across the 3.4-year MRI measurement interval was similar in the total group of smokers compared to non-smokers. However, speeded thinning did occur in smokers who had started regular smoking more recently, in between the two measurements. These novel regular smokers did not differ significantly from the non-smokers at baseline. This suggests that the thinner frontal cortex was not a predisposing factor but rather a consequence of smoking. Although smokers had more ADHD symptoms overall, smoking did not influence the developmental course of ADHD symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tobacco smoking on frontal cortical thickness development: A longitudinal study in a mixed cohort of ADHD-affected and -unaffected youth

Akkermans

Rooij

Rommelse

et al. 2017

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Importantly, 3 studies [17,18,24] reported significant (p<0.001) differences between smokers and non-smokers in GMV, and Fritz (2014) also found a significance difference (p<0.05) [16]. All studies corrected for family-wise error [17–19,24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with GMV, some studies reported smokers have smaller GMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) [22,23], while others found a smaller volume in the anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) and thalamus [15]. A recent meta-regression analysis showed that a higher number of smoking years was correlated with more GM atrophy in the right superior frontal gyrus, and more cigarettes smoked per day was correlated with more GM atrophy in the right superior frontal gyrus and ACC, extending to the paracingulate gyrus [16]. These studies suggest that there are differences in brain volume between the 2 groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Central Nervous System Grey Matter Volume (GMV) in Smokers Affects Cognitive Abilities: A Systematic Review

2017

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Although cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality, tobacco is consumed by approximately 22% of the adult population worldwide. Smoking is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, affects brain processing, and is a recognized risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD). Tobacco toxins (e.g., nicotine at high levels) inhaled in smoke may cause disorders resulting in preclinical brain changes. Researchers suggest that there are differences in brain volume between smokers and non-smokers. This review examines these differences in brain grey matter volume (GMV).In March/April 2015, MedLine, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched using the terms: “grey matter” AND “voxel-based” AND “smoking” AND “cigarette”.The 4 studies analyzed found brain GMV decreases in smokers compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, sex-specific differences were found; while the thalamus and cerebellum were affected in both sexes, decreased GMV in the olfactory gyrus was found only in male smokers. Age-group differences were also found, and these may suggest pre-existing abnormalities that lead to nicotine dependence in younger individuals. Only 1 study found a positive correlation between number of pack-years smoked and GMV.Smoking decreases GMV in most brain areas. This decrease may be responsible for the cognitive impairment and difficulties with emotional regulation found in smokers compared with non-smokers.

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“…5. There is a need to avail relevant biomarkers and addiction signals to have less toxic and less addictive elements in tobacco products as a solution to overcome the likely expense of complicated, addictive techniques (Fuxe et al, 2010;Zhong et al, 2016).…”

Section: Further Assessment Of Smoking Cessationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropharmacology of nicotine dependence

Al-malky

2020

ijrps

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The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms is regarded as the key to mediating smoking relapse amongst smokers. The present study acknowledged the high relapse rates emerging from the inability to address the causes of powerful addiction effects besides identifying chronic disorders caused by nicotine. The present study explored nicotine addiction and its effects on different smoking patterns to provide an informative platform to design interventions that would deliver effective ways of quitting smoking. The study utilized systemic reviews on publications of previous studies obtained from scholarly journal databases, including PubMed, Medline, EBSCO Host, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Moreover, the study used secondary information obtained from health organizations using filters and keywords to retrieve relevant information. The use of search keywords and filters limited the study to relevant peer-reviewed journals. The study utilized information retrieved from 35 studies obtained from peer-reviewed journals on “nicotine dependence,” “smoking cessation,” and “pharmacology of nicotine dependence and addiction.” The drug tolerance arising in nicotine dependence involved minimized tolerance often occurring during recurrent administration of drugs translated to neuroadaptation. The brain tends to develop challenges in the absence of nicotine, particularly when individuals quit smoking, thus compelling them to backslide from their abstinence. Higher nicotine dependence demotivates individuals from quitting smoking, making the cessation interventions unfruitful, worsened by the inability to understand the causative factors. The solution to overcome nicotine dependence alongside tobacco usage involves a complex treatment technique that would aim to reduce the probability of relapse. Nicotine dependence, Nicotine addiction, Tobacco addiction cycle, Neural survival, Pharmacology of nicotine

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Voxelwise meta-analysis of gray matter anomalies in chronic cigarette smokers

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of tobacco smoking on frontal cortical thickness development: A longitudinal study in a mixed cohort of ADHD-affected and -unaffected youth

Effect of tobacco smoking on frontal cortical thickness development: A longitudinal study in a mixed cohort of ADHD-affected and -unaffected youth

Decreased Central Nervous System Grey Matter Volume (GMV) in Smokers Affects Cognitive Abilities: A Systematic Review

Neuropharmacology of nicotine dependence

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