Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing

Skylar‐Scott, Mark A.; Mueller, J. Howard; Visser, Claas Willem; Lewis, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1736-8

Cited by 754 publications

(554 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Last November, Lewis and her lab described a printer that can rapidly switch between different polymer inks or mix them as it prints a single object 12 . This means objects can be printed with both flexible and rigid parts.…”

Section: All Together Nowmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing gets bigger, faster and stronger

Zastrow¹

2020

Nature

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A s a metal platform rises from a vat of liquid resin, it pulls an intricate white shape from the liquid -like a waxy creature emerging from a lagoon. This machine is the world's fastest resin-based 3D printer and it can create a plastic structure as large as a person in a few hours, says Chad Mirkin, a chemist at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. The machine, which Mirkin and his colleagues reported last October 1 , is one of a slew of research advances in 3D printing that are broadening the prospects of a technology once viewed as useful mainly for making small, low-quality prototype parts. Not only is 3D printing becoming faster and producing larger products, but scientists are coming up with innovative ways to print and are creating stronger materials, sometimes mixing multiple materials in the same product. 20 | Nature | Vol 578 | 6 February 2020 Feature © 2 0 2 0 S p r i n g e r N a t u r e L i m i t e d . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

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Section: All Together Nowmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing gets bigger, faster and stronger

Zastrow¹

2020

Nature

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“…Strategically designed, well‐defined 3D architectures could offer great opportunities, that are unavailable in their 2D counterparts, for a broad spectrum of applications, such as microelectronics, bioelectronics, photonics and optoelectronics, micro‐electromechanical systems, metamaterials, energy storage and harvesting, soft robotics, and many others. [ 1–22 ] Existing manufacturing techniques of 3D structures mainly include 3D printing, templated growth, fluidic self‐assembly, and mechanically guided 3D assembly. [ 1–22 ] Among these methods, the mechanically guided 3D assembly has recently attracted broad attention in the scientific community.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Induced Graphene for Electrothermally Controlled, Mechanically Guided, 3D Assembly and Human–Soft Actuators Interaction

et al. 2020

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Strategically designed, well-defined 3D architectures could offer great opportunities, that are unavailable in their 2D counterparts, for a broad spectrum of applications, such as microelectronics, bioelectronics, photonics and optoelectronics, micro-electromechanical systems, metamaterials, energy storage and harvesting, soft robotics, and many others. Existing manufacturing techniques of 3D structures mainly include 3D printing, templated growth, fluidic self-assembly, and mechanically guided 3D assembly. Among these methods, the mechanically guided 3D assembly has recently attracted broad attention in the scientific community. The process starts from the planar fabrication of patterned 2D precursor structures, followed by the 2D-to-3D shape transformation via controlled rolling, folding, curving, and/ or buckling. [4] This process is naturally compatible with existing advanced planar fabrication technologies (e.g., lithographic and laser-processing techniques). Consequently, micro/nanoscale structures, sensors and/or other functional components Mechanically guided, 3D assembly has attracted broad interests, owing to its compatibility with planar fabrication techniques and applicability to a diversity of geometries and length scales. Its further development requires the capability of on-demand reversible shape reconfigurations, desirable for many emerging applications (e.g., responsive metamaterials, soft robotics). Here, the design, fabrication, and modeling of soft electrothermal actuators based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) are reported and their applications in mechanically guided 3D assembly and human-soft actuators interaction are explored. Over 20 complex 3D architectures are fabricated, including reconfigurable structures that can reshape among three distinct geometries. Also, the structures capable of maintaining 3D shapes at room temperature without the need for any actuation are realized by fabricating LIG actuators at an elevated temperature. Finite element analysis can quantitatively capture key aspects that govern electrothermally controlled shape transformations, thereby providing a reliable tool for rapid design optimization. Furthermore, their applications are explored in human-soft actuators interaction, including elastic metamaterials with human gesture-controlled bandgap behaviors and soft robotic fingers which can measure electrocardiogram from humans in an on-demand fashion. Other demonstrations include artificial muscles, which can lift masses that are about 110 times of their weights and biomimetic frog tongues which can prey insects.

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“…Reproduced with permission. [6] Copyright 2019, Springer Nature. d) Direct fabrication of electrolyte from printable inks at an elevated temperature using solid poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) matrices and a Li + -conducting ionic-liquid electrolyte, which was modified by the addition of ceramic fillers to give an ionic conductivity of 0.78 × 10 −3 S cm −1 .…”

Section: Reproducibility and Mass Production In 3d Printed Eesdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] However, it is exciting that Lewis et al have reported soft matter printing using multinozzle printing, thereby enabling massively parallel and complex multimaterial printing at the voxel level. [6] Scheme 1 summarizes some of the aims of AM in 3D printable batteries and supercapacitors, the materials, electrodes and printing innovation required to realize printable EESD technology.…”

Section: Introduction and Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of 3D Printing Methods and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

et al. 2020

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Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the building of materials, and 3D‐printing has become a useful tool for complex electrode assembly for batteries and supercapacitors. The field initially grew from extrusion‐based methods and quickly evolved to photopolymerization printing, while supercapacitor technologies less sensitive to solvents more often involved material jetting processes. The need to develop higher‐resolution multimaterial printers is borne out in the performance data of recent 3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices. Underpinning every part of a 3D‐printable battery are the printing method and the feed material. These influence material purity, printing fidelity, accuracy, complexity, and the ability to form conductive, ceramic, or solvent‐stable materials. The future of 3D‐printable batteries and electrochemical energy storage devices is reliant on materials and printing methods that are co‐operatively informed by device design. Herein, the material and method requirements in 3D‐printable batteries and supercapacitors are addressed and requirements for the future of the field are outlined by linking existing performance limitations to requirements for printable energy‐storage materials, casings, and direct printing of electrodes and electrolytes. A guide to materials and printing method choice best suited for alternative‐form‐factor energy‐storage devices to be designed and integrated into the devices they power is thus provided.

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Voxelated soft matter via multimaterial multinozzle 3D printing

Abstract: is a co-founder of Voxel8, Inc. and Mark Skylar-Scott owns stock in Formlabs. A patent has been filed by Harvard University on this research.

Cited by 754 publications

References 30 publications

3D printing gets bigger, faster and stronger

3D printing gets bigger, faster and stronger

Laser‐Induced Graphene for Electrothermally Controlled, Mechanically Guided, 3D Assembly and Human–Soft Actuators Interaction

Evolution of 3D Printing Methods and Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

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