“…A clear trend between the contribution of fSAD and PD is observed. FH, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; fSAD, functional small airways disease; KI, Karolinska University Hospital; PD, parenchymal disease; PRM, parametric response mapping; UM, University of Michigan airway obstruction in COPD [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Most of these studies are associated with multicenter observational trials such as the COPDGene and SPIROMICS,27,28 where imaging protocols are selected to pro-duce image quality consistent across participating sites.…”