Voxel anthropomorphic phantoms: review of models used for ionising radiation dosimetry

Lemosquet, A.; Carlan, L. de; Clairand, I.

doi:10.1051/radiopro:2003020

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(32 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Caon et al (1997Caon et al ( , 1999 developed a voxel phantom of a 14 year old girl, Saito et al (2001) segmented whole-body CT data of a patient whose external dimensions were in good agreement with the Japanese Reference Man (Tanaka 1989), and Xu et al (2000) segmented color photographs of the Visible Human Male (Spitzer and Whitlock 1998) for the construction of the VIPMAN voxel phantom. Comprehensive reviews on the development of voxel-based anthropomorphic phantoms can be found in articles published by Lemosquet et al (2003) and Coan (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All about MAX: a male adult voxel phantom for Monte Carlo calculations in radiation protection dosimetry

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The MAX (Male Adult voXel) phantom has been developed from existing segmented images of a male adult body, in order to achieve a representation as close as possible to the anatomical properties of the reference adult male specified by the ICRP. The study describes the adjustments of the soft-tissue organ masses, a new dosimetric model for the skin, a new model for skeletal dosimetry and a computational exposure model based on coupling the MAX phantom with the EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Conversion coefficients between equivalent dose to the red bone marrow as well as effective MAX dose and air-kerma free in air for external photon irradiation from the front and from the back, respectively, are presented and compared with similar data from other human phantoms.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All about MAX: a male adult voxel phantom for Monte Carlo calculations in radiation protection dosimetry

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adjustments of activity distribution in the phantom were based on 18 F-FDG uptake in the organs of a healthy human. Adjustments of attenuation coefficients for the tissues in the phantom were based on the Zubal phantom (15,16) attenuation coefficients. The phantom was constructed in a 256 · 256 · 256 matrix corresponding to 1.6 mm 3 voxels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Wavelet Transform in Reduction of Noise from Simulated PET Images

Shalchian¹,

Rajabi²,

Soltanian-Zadeh³

2009

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An efficient method for tomographic imaging in nuclear medicine is PET. Higher sensitivity, higher spatial resolution, and more accurate quantification are advantages of PET, in comparison to SPECT. However, a high noise level in the images limits the diagnostic utility of PET. Noise removal in nuclear medicine is traditionally based on the Fourier decomposition of the images. This method is based on frequency components, irrespective of the spatial location of the noise or signal. The wavelet transform presents a solution by providing information on frequency contents while retaining spatial information, alleviating the shortcoming of Fourier transformation. Thus, wavelet transformation has been extensively used for noise reduction, edge detection, and compression. Methods: In this research, SimSET software was used for simulation of PET images of the nonuniform rational B-spline-based cardiac-torso phantom. The images were acquired using 250 million counts in 128 · 128 matrices. For a reference image, we acquired an image with high counts (6 billion). Then, we reconstructed these images using our own software developed in a commercially available program. After image reconstruction, a 250-million-count image (noisy image or test image) and a reference image were normalized, and then root mean square error was used to compare the images. Next, we wrote and applied denoising programs. These programs were based on using 54 different wavelets and 4 methods. Denoised images were compared with the reference image using root mean square error. Results: Our results indicate stationary wavelet transformation and global thresholding are more efficient at noise reduction than are other methods that we investigated. Conclusion: Wavelet transformation is a useful method for denoising simulated PET images. Noise reduction using this transform and loss of high-frequency information are simultaneous with each other. It seems we should attend to mutual agreement between noise reduction and visual quality of the image. PET is an efficient technique to determine 3-dimensional distributions of radiotracers in a patient's body. The technique is used to map the biologic function and metabolic changes of the organs under investigation. PET has a good sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and differentiation of malignant from benign tumors (1,2).Although PET has made crucial progress, it nevertheless bears the main weakness of nuclear medicine: poor count density in images. No matter which organ is imaged, noise is always present in the nuclear medicine images and always causes error in quantification. Signal-to-noise ratio, although considerably higher in PET than in SPECT, is yet much lower than in other tomography techniques such as CT and MRI. The inherent noise of the PET images considerably increases if improvement techniques such as scatter or randoms correction are applied (3).Conventionally, finite impulse response filters are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of nuclear medicine data (3). These filters are mainly...

show abstract

“…Caon et al (1997Caon et al ( , 1999 developed a voxel phantom of a 14 year old girl, Saito et al (2001) segmented whole-body CT data of a patient whose external dimensions were in good agreement with the Japanese Reference Man (Tanaka et al 1989), andXu et al (2000) segmented colour photographs of the Visible Human Male (Spitzer and Whitlock 1998) for the construction of the VIPMAN voxel phantom. Comprehensive reviews on the development of voxel-based anthropomorphic phantoms can be found in articles published by Lemosquet et al (2003) and Caon (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All about FAX: a Female Adult voXel phantom for Monte Carlo calculation in radiation protection dosimetry

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has created a task group on dose calculations, which, among other objectives, should replace the currently used mathematical MIRD phantoms by voxel phantoms. Voxel phantoms are based on digital images recorded from scanning of real persons by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared to the mathematical MIRD phantoms, voxel phantoms are true to the natural representations of a human body. Connected to a radiation transport code, voxel phantoms serve as virtual humans for which equivalent dose to organs and tissues from exposure to ionizing radiation can be calculated. The principal database for the construction of the FAX (Female Adult voXel) phantom consisted of 151 CT images recorded from scanning of trunk and head of a female patient, whose body weight and height were close to the corresponding data recommended by the ICRP in Publication 89. All 22 organs and tissues at risk, except for the red bone marrow and the osteogenic cells on the endosteal surface of bone ('bone surface'), have been segmented manually with a technique recently developed at the Departamento de Energia Nuclear of the UFPE in Recife, Brazil. After segmentation the volumes of the organs and tissues have been adjusted to agree with the organ and tissue masses recommended by ICRP for the Reference Adult Female in Publication 89. Comparisons have been made with the organ and tissue masses of the mathematical EVA phantom, as well as with the corresponding data for other female voxel phantoms. The three-dimensional matrix of the segmented images has eventually been connected to the EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Effective dose conversion coefficients have been calculated for exposures to photons, and compared to data determined for the mathematical MIRD-type phantoms, as well as for other voxel phantoms.

show abstract

Voxel anthropomorphic phantoms: review of models used for ionising radiation dosimetry

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

All about MAX: a male adult voxel phantom for Monte Carlo calculations in radiation protection dosimetry

All about MAX: a male adult voxel phantom for Monte Carlo calculations in radiation protection dosimetry

Assessment of the Wavelet Transform in Reduction of Noise from Simulated PET Images

All about FAX: a Female Adult voXel phantom for Monte Carlo calculation in radiation protection dosimetry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About