“…Be that as it may, given that the phenomenon is at least prevalent across languages with syllable-final obstruents we would expect vocalic length to be used by listeners of those languages in perception. And, indeed, numerous reports have shown that vocalic duration influences voicing judgments for syllable-final consonants made by adult speakers of languages with a vocalic-length distinction associated with final consonant voicing Mann, 1992,1994;Denes, 1955;O'Kane, 1978;Raphael, 1972;Raphael et al, 1975;Raphael et al, 1980). Other acoustic properties of syllables ending with voiced or voiceless final stops have also been found to influence adults' voicing judgments (Hogan and Rozsypal, 1980;Summers, 1988;Wardrip-Fruin, 1982), with spectral characteristics associated with the vocal-tract closing gesture apparently being weighted particularly heavily (Hillenbrand, Ingrisano, Smith, and Flege, 1984).…”