Voting across ethnic lines in late Imperial Austria¹

Abstract

The Austrian party system, following the introduction of universal manhood suffrage in 1907, has conventionally been characterised as being divided along ethno-national lines, reinforcing perceptions that politics within the Habsburg Empire was overwhelmingly driven by nationalism. However, the electoral results in a number of districts only make sense if one assumes that voters cast ballots for their alleged ethnic opponents. A systematic analysis of election results, utilising a simple process of elimination and drawing on the highly detailed statistical records available, strongly suggests that such voting was commonplace. Furthermore, alternative explanations based on differential voting qualification rates, errors in the census, and electoral fraud do not withstand close scrutiny. One must therefore conclude that although ethnic conflict did occur, it was paralleled by inter-ethnic bargaining and compromise, thereby supporting more positive appraisals of Austrian electoral and parliamentary politics and of representative political institutions in ethnically divided societies.

The difficult relationship between nationalism and built heritage: the case of late nineteenth-century Krakow

“…Similarly, the national conflict between the Poles and the Ruthenians/ Ukrainians in Galicia plays only a marginal role in this paper. However, it is worth noting that the doubts of the Ukrainian members of the Galician Diet discussed in this paper should be seen in the larger picture of the ethnic tensions at the time (Hann and Magosci 2005;Howe 2010;Wolff 2012).…”