“…As suburbs and cities become more economically homogeneous, and legislative districts more "safe," politics becomes more boring and predictable, driving down levels of civic engagement, including voting (Oliver, 1999(Oliver, , 2001). The urban share of the actual electorate is smaller than the urban share of eligible voters, partly because of economic segregation (Nardulli, Dalager, and Greco, 1996;Gainsborough, 2001;Sauerzopf and Swanstrom, 1999). The voice of cities in state legislatures and in Congress has become increasingly weaker as the number of congresspersons and state legislators from urban districts has declined more rapidly than their overall population (Wolman and Marckini, 1998;Weir, 1996).…”