Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2

Barnola, Jean-Marc; Raynaud, Dominique; Korotkevich, Y. S.; Lorius, C.

doi:10.1038/329408a0

Cited by 1,437 publications

(590 citation statements)

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“…Additional moisture stress was applied to vegetation during Last Glacial Maximum times by reduced levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Barnola et al 1987), which acted to markedly reduce water-use efficiency in C3 plants, notably trees. Farquhar (1997) noted that, with the observed Last Glacial Maximum CO 2 concentration of about 180 ppm, half the pre-industrial concentration of recent times, water-use efficiency would also be half that expected in the latest part of the Holocene.…”

Section: Palaeoclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the most part, there is convergence between the findings of proxy-based and Thomas et al 2001) and 50% or more in southern Australia. Estimates based on closed lake systems, the so-called rain-gauge lakes, tend to be rather higher, 50% reductions being not unusual (Luly 1993;Thomas et al 2001).Additional moisture stress was applied to vegetation during Last Glacial Maximum times by reduced levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Barnola et al 1987), which acted to markedly reduce water-use efficiency in C3 plants, notably trees. Farquhar (1997) noted that, with the observed Last Glacial Maximum CO 2 concentration of about 180 ppm, half the pre-industrial concentration of recent times, water-use efficiency would also be half that expected in the latest part of the Holocene.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Altered Ecologies: Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes: Terra Australis 32

Haberle¹,

Stevenson²,

Prebble³

2010

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terra australis 32Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia -lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present.Since the beginning of the series, the basic colour on the spine and cover has distinguished the regional distribution of topics as follows: ochre for Australia, green for New Guinea, red for South-East Asia and blue for the Pacific Islands. From 2001, issues with a gold spine will include conference proceedings, edited papers and monographs which in topic or desired format do not fit easily within the original arrangements. All volumes are numbered within the same series. Copyright of the text remains with the contributors/authors, 2009. This book is copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne convention. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher. Among saltbush greyer than seaweed we boardwalk the yeasting waves of the old golden-perch pond. List of volumes in Terra AustralisRabbit dung dots a lake bottom dry since their coming -only once, last century, after seven inches of rain a farmer had to rescue his sheep by boat.The roo bounces down-slope, a brown branch crackling.The professor's eye, noting the local runoff and what the westerlies do, observes seas that rush in and out of a continent's middle, salt lakes spreading and emptying, hills pimpling up and down with cartoon-like speed, or gullying themselves into extinction, rainforests and deserts zipping back and forth like Tom and Jerry. A human mouse plague swiftly swarms, perhaps soon gone.Impermanent planet. Impermanent surface. All under air and water. The lunette is a wave, a dumper of sand, a collapsing tower in the mad rabbit years when its top blew off and old bones winked through, with a vault's worth of fine stone cores.Once so simply mislaid in sand, now so obligingly sluiced out to the un-subincised world that smiles at stone knives. terra australis 32Altered Ecologies: Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes v You might as well offer your table knife to a carpenter.Cane grass and the Dreamtime's stone fight the eroding rivulets together. In today's rare downpour each lost core, or blunted scraper crowns some tiny eroding hillock, plops its anchor in the dissolving silts.The bettong whose skin took off the stone tool's edge has vanished -sacrifice to future fertility.Through the softening soil Homo sapiens's skeleton bumps up like a carp's back.Waits for the wind to shave it off in pieces.A D-section and a ti...

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Section: Palaeoclimatementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Ecologies: Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes: Terra Australis 32

Haberle¹,

Stevenson²,

Prebble³

2010

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“…Comparison of ice core and instrumental trace gas data indicates that glacial ice offers a reliable method of determining past atmospheric concentrations of trace gases [Lorius et al, 1985;Raynaud and Barnola, 1985;Barnola et al, 1987;Neftel et al, 1988]. The firnification of snow deposited on an ice sheet traps air bubbles in the ice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years

Overpeck²,

et al. 2001

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Estimates of solar irradiance, ranging between 1364.2 and 1368.2 W/m :, are presented using calibrated historical observations of the Sun back to 1610, along with cosmogenic isotope variations extending back to 1500. Tropospheric aerosol distributions are calculated by scaling the modern distribution of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol optical depths back to 1860 using reconstructed regional CO2 emissions; prior to 1860 the anthropogenic tropospheric aerosol optical depths are assumed to be zero. Finally, the first continuous, annually dated record of zonally averaged stratospheric (volcanic) optical depths back to 1500 is constructed using sulfate flux data from multiple ice cores from both Greenland and Antarctica, in conjunction with historical and instrumental (satellite and pyrheliometric) observations. The climate forcings generated here are currently being used as input to a suite of transient (time dependent) paleoclimate model simulations of the past 500 years. These forcings are also available for comparison with instrumental and proxy paleoclimate data of the same period.

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“…Our understanding of paleoclimatic variability has been considerably increased by the many recent studies of global climatic changes (IMBRIE et al, 1984;CHAPPELL & SHACKLETTON 1986;BARNOLA et al, 1987;EDWARDS et al, 1987;BOND et al, 1993;WINOGRAD et al, 1997;DANSGAARD et al, 1993;JOUZEL et al, 1993;ROSSIGNOL-STRICK, 1995;BAR-MATTHEWS et al, 1997). It is well appreciated that the climate system is complex and is affected by forcing factors and feedback related to polar ice bodies and to oceanic and atmospheric circulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic foraminiferal ecozones: response of the pelagic environment to palaeoclimatic changes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

2003

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A detailed study of the planktonic environment of the eastern Mediterranean Sea has permitted the reconstruction of the climatic history of this part of the basin during the time span from 9.7 to 6.6 Ma. The eastern Mediterranean Sea is confirmed as having a strong sensitivity to the climatic changes that occurred during that timespan. One of the very few complete hemipelagic successions of the Upper Miocene in Mediterranean is found in Gavdos island (SW Crete). Quantitative and qualitative modifications of the planktonic foraminiferal communities observed in Metochia section exhibit a sequence of biological events summarized in 11 successive main time intervals. The bioevents are defined by frequency peaks and/or local (re)-occurrences or (temporary) disappearances of some of the taxa, in association with more or less important fluctuations of the more common species. The planktonic foraminifera show a strong correlation with sea surface temperature variations and with changes in the physical and chemical properties of the upper water column caused by the climatic instability. Two prominent shifts in faunal parameters divide the period recorded in Metochia section into three major time slices that are discussed in chronological order: a cooling trend from 9,7 to 7,6 Ma, a warmer period from 7,6 to 7,2 Ma and then a cooling trend which finishes at the Messinian.

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Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric CO2

Cited by 1,437 publications

References 35 publications

Altered Ecologies: Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes: Terra Australis 32

Altered Ecologies: Fire, climate and human influence on terrestrial landscapes: Terra Australis 32

Hypothesized climate forcing time series for the last 500 years

Planktonic foraminiferal ecozones: response of the pelagic environment to palaeoclimatic changes in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

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