“…Based on the material and mass balance principles, the mass of solute input into the i th unit equals the mass of solute going out of the i th unit. Thus, the formula of the material balance is described as follows: where represents the i th function relationship between F i and the operating variables (for a detailed description, see Equations in the optimization model of Zhu). Based on the data collected from a whole‐acid cycle of AEP under different scarring conditions at the China Aluminum Corporation, and T ni were determined by a regression method.…”