“…(8) are computed by a parallel three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver, NkTar, based on the spectral/hp element method (Karniadakis and Sherwin, 1999) and used for various VIV applications (Lucor et al, 2001(Lucor et al, , 2003(Lucor et al, , 2005Dong and Karniadakis, 2005). This version of the code employs a hybrid scheme utilizing Fourier collocation in the spanwise z-direction (cylinder axis) and Jacobi-Galerkin formulation on (x-y)-planes perpendicular to the cylinder axis.…”