Vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for the analysis of main active compounds from Zi‐Cao‐Cheng‐Qi decoction based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent

Abstract

In this study, a vortex-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-phase microextraction was developed and used for the extraction and preconcentration of six main active compounds in Zi-Cao-Cheng-Qi decoction. The deep eutectic solvent, prepared by mixing tetrabutylammonium chloride and hexanoic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1, was added to the sample solution containing the analytes. In the absence of disperser, the extractant was rapidly dispersed into fine droplets by the aid of vortex and adequately contacted with the analytes. Some key parameters affecting the approach including extraction solvent type and volume, sample phase pH, extraction time, centrifugation time, and salt concentration were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors of the target analytes were in the range of 3-330. The calibration graphs were linear with a correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.9929. The detection limits were 0.3-0.9 ng/mL, and the satisfactory precisions (relative standard deviations, 0.5-8.9%) and accuracies (relative recoveries, 91.1-102.2%) were also obtained. The developed method was rapid (only 2 min), eco-friendly, effective, and easy to operate. And it has been successfully applied to simultaneous extraction, enrichment, and determination of the main active compounds in a traditional Chinese medicinal formula coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.

Separation and Detection of Catechins and Epicatechins in Shanxi Aged Vinegar Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with HPLC

“…As the volume of DES1 increased from 200 µL to 400 µL, the peak area of the target compounds increased (Figure 2d). This is likely due to insufficient extraction of the targeted compounds given the limited volume of DES1 [35]. The peak area of the target analytes decreased as the volume of EDS1 was increased from 400 µL to 600 µL, probably due to the dilution effect of more extractant solvent for the target analytes [36].…”

“…A higher extraction capacity of the DES means a stronger interaction between the DES and the target compounds in the vinegar samples [35]. In order to evaluate the suitability and accuracy of the method, the extraction and determination of the target compounds were examined using vinegar samples.…”

Deep eutectic solvent extraction combined with magnetic bead ligand fishing for identification of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Pueraria lobata

“…Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is a type of substance that can be prepared by mixing two or three compounds including a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) [12,13]. It is an environmentally friendly reagent, which can form hydrogen bonds with analytes [14][15][16].…”

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

“…Nonetheless, selecting appropriate dispersion and extraction solvents remains a significant challenge. Conventional liquid–liquid extraction methods often use relatively toxic organic solvents, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene [ 22 ]. These solvents pose potential threats to both human health and the environment.…”