Vorreiter: Manoeuvre-Based Steering Gestures for Partially and Highly Automated Driving

Flemisch, Frank; Diederichs, Frederik; Meyer, Ronald; Herzberger, Nicolas; Baier, Ralph; Altendorf, Eugen; Spies, Julia; Usai, Marcel; Kaim, Vera; Doentgen, Bernhard; Bopp-Bertenbreiter, Valeria; Widlroither, Harald; Ruth-Schumacher, Simone; Arzt, Clemens; Bozbayir, Evin; Bischoff, Sven; Diers, Daniel; Wechner, Reto; Sommer, Anna Elisabeth; Aydın, Emre; Kaschub, Verena Lisa; Kiefer, Tobias; Hottelart, Katharina; Reilhac, Patrice; Weßel, Gina; Kaiser, Frank J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45131-8_5

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In modern times, such as with most Level 2 automated driving systems, drivers still have their hands on the steering wheel continuously and may perform shared control [46,47]. In the future, automated driving systems may still require some human involvement, but this may take the form of intermittent control of maneuvers and prediction-level interventions through gestures or touchscreens [28,[48][49][50]. e present study suggests that gestures on behalf of the pedestrian could also have a role in future traffic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

I See Your Gesture: A VR-Based Study of Bidirectional Communication between Pedestrians and Automated Vehicles

Epke

Kooijman

Winter

2021

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Automated vehicles (AVs) are able to detect pedestrians reliably but still have difficulty in predicting pedestrians’ intentions from their implicit body language. This study examined the effects of using explicit hand gestures and receptive external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) in the interaction between pedestrians and AVs. Twenty-six participants interacted with AVs in a virtual environment while wearing a head-mounted display. The participants’ movements in the virtual environment were visualized using a motion-tracking suit. The first independent variable was the participants’ opportunity to use a hand gesture to increase the probability that the AV would stop for them. The second independent variable was the AV’s response “I SEE YOU,” displayed on an eHMI when the vehicle yielded. Accordingly, one-way communication (gesture or eHMI) and two-way communication (gesture and eHMI combined) were investigated. The results showed that the participants decided to use hand gestures in 70% of the trials. Furthermore, the eHMI improved the predictability of the AV’s behavior compared to no eHMI, as inferred from self-reports and hand-use behavior. A postexperiment questionnaire indicated that two-way communication was the most preferred condition and that the eHMI alone was more preferred than the gesture alone. The results further indicate limitations of hand gestures regarding false-positive detection and confusion if the AV decides not to yield. It is concluded that bidirectional human-robot communication has considerable potential.

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