“…Moreover, for more accurate RPCs, a model named error-invariables has been adopted in surveying. In the EIV model, the coefficients matrix G as a set of observed variables is usually regarded as a matrix with random errors (Lemmerling et al, 2001;Mahboub, 2012;Peiliang, 2006;Schaffrin et al, 2009, Shi et al, 2014Xu et al, 2012). However, the constant term has been added by random error (i.e., δ i,1 (i=1,2,…,n)) mistakenly like Equation 9, which caused the overcorrection problem.…”