Vomiting and wasting disease associated with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis viruses infection in piglets in jilin, china

Zhao, Kui; Zhao, Chen; Du, Cheng; Ren, Wenzhi; Song, Deguang; Lu, Huijun; Chen, Keyan; Li, Zhiping; Lan, Yungang; Xie, Shengnan; He, Wenqi; Gao, Feng

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-8-130

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is possible that metabolic derangements, such as hyperammonemia or uremia, could have contributed to the clinical presentation and pathological findings in these horses. There was no evidence of a non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and edema in these 2 horses, which would have been suggestive of a viral infection, as reported for other coronaviruses, such as porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and murine hepatitis virus (Lane and Hosking, 2010;Gao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Emerging outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus in adult horses

Pusterla

Mapes

Wademan

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

174

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The purpose of this study was to describe clinical, hematological and fecal PCR results from 161 horses involved in outbreaks associated with ECoV. The outbreaks happened at four separate boarding facilities between November 2011 and April 2012 in the States of CA, TX, WI and MA. Following the molecular detection of ECoV in the feces from the initial index cases, the remaining herdmates were closely observed for the development of clinical signs. Fecal samples were collected from sick and healthy horses for the PCR detection of ECoV. All four outbreaks involved primarily adult horses. Fifty-nine horses developed clinical signs with 12-16 sick horses per outbreak. The main clinical signs reported were anorexia, lethargy and fever. Four horses from 3 different outbreaks were euthanized or died due to rapid progression of clinical signs. The cause of death could not be determined with necropsy evaluation in 2 horses, while septicemia secondary to gastrointestinal translocation was suspected in 2 horses. Blood work was available from 10 horses with clinical disease and common hematological abnormalities were leucopenia due to neutropenia and/or lymphopenia. Feces were available for ECoV testing by real-time PCR from 44 and 96 sick and healthy horses, respectively. 38/44 (86%) horses with abnormal clinical signs tested PCR positive for ECoV, while 89/96 (93%) healthy horses tested PCR negative for ECoV. The overall agreement between clinical status and PCR detection of ECoV was 91%. The study results suggest that ECoV is associated with self-limiting clinical and hematological abnormalities in adult horses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Emerging outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus in adult horses

Pusterla

Mapes

Wademan

et al. 2013

Veterinary Microbiology

174

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“…PHEV causes vomiting and wasting disease, and encephalomyelitis in piglets under three weeks old, particularly those lacking PHEV antibodies, such as SPF pigs (Quiroga et al, 2008). Recently, more research has focused on PHEV because infection rates have risen in some countries (Cartwright et al, 1969;Gao et al, 2011;Mengeling and Cutlip, 1976;Quiroga et al, 2008;Rho et al, 2011). This virus spreads to the CNS via peripheral nerves, and nerve cells are one target for viral replication (Hara et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus induces apoptosis in a porcine kidney cell line via caspase-dependent pathways

et al. 2013

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Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis is an acute, highly contagious disease in piglets that is caused by the porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV). However, the pathogenesis of PHEV and the relationship between PHEV and the host cells are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether the PHEV-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) was caused by apoptosis. Replication of PHEV in a porcine kidney-derived cell line (PK-15 cells) caused an extensive CPE, leading to the destruction of the entire monolayer and the death of the infected cells. Staining with Hoechst 33,342 revealed morphological changes in the nuclei and chromatin fragmentation. In addition, PHEV caused DNA fragmentation detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis 48h post-infection, increasing with the incubation time. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased with the incubation time and reached a maximum at 96h post-infection, as determined using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy of cells that were stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). Moreover, as is commonly observed for coronavirus infections of other animals, the activities of the effecter caspase, caspase-3, and the initiator caspases, caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are representative factors in the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, respectively, were increased in PHEV-infected PK-15 cells. Moreover, the tripeptide pan-ICE (caspase) inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK blocked PHEV-induced apoptosis but did not have an effect on virus production by 96h post-infection. These results suggested that PHEV induces apoptosis in PK-15 cells via a caspase-dependent pathway. Apoptotic death of infected cells is detrimental to animals because it causes cell and tissue destruction. Although the pathological characteristics of PHEV are largely unknown, apoptosis may be the pathological basis of the lesions resulting from PHEV infection.

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“…The main host of PHEV infection is the piglets under 3 weeks of age, manifested by vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) or encephalomyelitis, with a mortality rate of nearly 100% (Vijgen et al, 2006). Previous studies have shown that the disease is widespread worldwide (Gao et al, 2011), although it is often in a subclinical state in conventional swine farms owing to the colostrum antibodies and age-related resistance (Rho et al, 2011). By now, there are no effective preventive vaccines or drugs for prevention; thus, research on PHEV infection is vital to prevent outbreaks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-10a-5p-Mediated Syndecan 1 Suppression Restricts Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication

Lan

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a single-stranded RNA coronavirus that causes nervous dysfunction in the infected hosts and leads to widespread alterations in the host transcriptome by modulating specific microRNA (miRNA) levels. MiRNAs contribute to RNA virus pathogenesis by promoting antiviral immune response, enhancing viral replication, or altering miRNA-mediated host gene regulation. Thus, exploration of the virus-miRNA interactions occurring in PHEV-infected host may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms combating the virus life cycle or pathogenesis. Here, we discovered that the expression of miR-10a-5p was constitutively up-regulated by PHEV in both the N2a cells in vitro and mice brain in vivo. Treatment with miR-10a-5p mimics allowed miR-10a-5p enrichment and resulted in a significant restriction in PHEV replication, suggesting widespread negative regulation of the RNA virus infection by miR-10a-5p. The outcomes were also evidenced by miR-10a-5p inhibitor over-expression. Luciferase reporter, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blotting analysis further showed that Syndecan 1 (SDC1), a cell surface proteoglycan associated with host defense mechanisms, acts as a target gene of miR-10a-5p during PHEV infection. Naturally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of SDC1 leads to a reduction in viral replication, implying that SDC1 expression is likely a favorable condition for viral replication. Together, the findings demonstrated that the abundant miR-10a-5p leads to downstream suppression of SDC1, and it functions as an antiviral mechanism in the PHEV-induced disease, providing a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of PHEV infection in the future work.

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Vomiting and wasting disease associated with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis viruses infection in piglets in jilin, china

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Emerging outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus in adult horses

Emerging outbreaks associated with equine coronavirus in adult horses

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus induces apoptosis in a porcine kidney cell line via caspase-dependent pathways

MiR-10a-5p-Mediated Syndecan 1 Suppression Restricts Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Replication

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