Volunteer Bias in Research on Friendship Among Emerging Adults

Demır, Melıkşah; Haynes, Andrew; Orthel-Clark, Haley; Özen, Ayça

doi:10.1177/2167696816641542

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Our observation that women tended to volunteer at a higher rate than men is consistent with other studies [84,85,86,87,88,89]. We found that increasing compensation to an amount similar to the local minimum wage ($U.S.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Walking Green: Developing an Evidence Base for Nature Prescriptions

Koselka

Weidner

Minasov

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Although the health benefits of exercise and exposure to nature are well established, most evidence of their interaction comes from acute observations of single sessions of activity. However, documenting improved health outcomes requires ongoing interventions, measurement of multiple outcomes, and longitudinal analyses. We conducted a pilot study to guide the development of a protocol for future longitudinal studies that would assess multiple physiological and psychological outcomes. Herein, we report psychological outcomes measured from thirty-eight participants before and after three conditions: a 50 min walk on a forest path, a 50 min walk along a busy road, and a period of activities of daily living. Changes in positive and negative affect, anxiety, perceived stress, and working memory are reported. We benchmark these results to existing studies that used similar protocols and also identify elements of the protocol that might impair recruitment or retention of subjects in longer-term studies. Linear mixed-models regression revealed that walking improved psychological state when compared to activities of daily living, regardless of walk environment (p < 0.05). Comparison of mean differences showed that forest walks yielded the largest and most consistent improvements in psychological state. Thus, despite a protocol that required a 3.5 h time commitment per laboratory visit, the beneficial effects of walking and exposure to a forested environment were observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Walking Green: Developing an Evidence Base for Nature Prescriptions

Koselka

Weidner

Minasov

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Another limitation is risk of potential volunteer bias. A study on close relationships may attract more females than males or may attract participants who have fairly positive relationships overall (Demir, Haynes, Orthel-Clark, & Ozen, 2016). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Sense and Moving On

Kansky

Allen

2017

Emerging Adulthood

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This study assessed the key aspects of romantic relationship dissolution in emerging adulthood as predictors of future mental health and romantic qualities. It utilized a longitudinal, multiinformant, multimethod study of 160 participants with their romantic partners and close friends followed from ages 20–25, with a breakup assessed at age 22. Having control over initiating a breakup at age 22 predicted relative increases in peer-rated internalizing symptoms and autonomy-undermining interactions with a new partner at ages 23–25. Having a greater understanding of the reasons for a breakup predicted lower self-reported internalizing symptoms and relative decreases in partner-reported romantic conflict as well as relative increases in self-reported relationship satisfaction and peer-rated intimate relationship competence at ages 23–25. Predictions remained after accounting for numerous potential confounds including age 20–22 baseline relationship quality, social competence, internalizing symptoms, and gender. Implications for understanding links between breakup characteristics on emerging adult psychological and relationship functioning are discussed.

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“…Our sample was also largely racially White and female, which precluded the analysis of race- and gender-related effects in our statistical models. Future researchers should consider how to recruit more racially and ethnically diverse samples and males (especially given robust evidence of gender-related volunteer bias in studies examining emerging adults’ social relationships; see Demir, Haynes, Orthel-Clark, & Özen, 2017). However, despite a lack of males in the present study, we note the overwhelming paucity of gender- specific hypotheses and findings in recent studies on attachment dynamics in emerging adulthood, suggesting that gender may not be a major moderator (e.g., see Bernier et al, 2005; Larose, Bernier, & Tarabulsy, 2005; Scharfe & Cole, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning From Parents: Psychological Distancing and Attachment-Related Changes in Regret for Immediate Contact in Emerging Adulthood

Dykas

Siskind

2018

Emerging Adulthood

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This longitudinal study examined how emerging adults psychologically distance themselves from parents. Every week during their first semester at college, participants ( n = 71, M age = 18 years [ SD = 0.48]) read hypothetical vignettes describing emotionally salient situations they could encounter at college. Participants then provided information about whether they would regret not being in immediate contact with parents versus peers when dealing with the aftermath of these situations. Results suggested that participants were separating themselves from parents in a dynamic manner over time, which was revealed in varying levels of regret for not possibly being in immediate contact with parents following emotional events. Moreover, compared to participants with negative representational models of parents, participants with positive models reported more consistent patterns of regret for not having immediate parental contact. This study provides new insights into normative attachment dynamics beyond childhood and how emerging adults reorganize their attachment hierarchies.

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Volunteer Bias in Research on Friendship Among Emerging Adults

Cited by 19 publications

References 81 publications

Walking Green: Developing an Evidence Base for Nature Prescriptions

Walking Green: Developing an Evidence Base for Nature Prescriptions

Making Sense and Moving On

Turning From Parents: Psychological Distancing and Attachment-Related Changes in Regret for Immediate Contact in Emerging Adulthood

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