Voluntary Screening Program for Prostate Cancer: Detection Rate and Cost

Diagnosis, management and screening of early localised prostate cancer.

“…Empirical and modelling studies have produced a number of estimates of the costs associated with various forms of screening for prostate cancer. 31,[381][382][383][384] These are shown in Tables 29 and 30, with Table 29 showing those studies which include the costs associated with screening, but not with subsequent treatment. Table 30 shows those studies which have incorporated the cost of treatment in their estimates.…”

“…Two of the studies described in Tables 29 and 30 have not compared alternative means of screening (e.g. Chadwick and colleagues, 31 Abramson and colleagues 381 ) and, therefore, provide only information of limited usefulness. Others have used a restricted notion of costs (e.g.…”

“…102 The majority of tumours were organ-confined although, following surgery, 36% were upstaged. 102 In other studies, samples of the population were derived from a local health check, 411 following advertisement, 50,381 random selection, 412 or those attending GP or urology clinics 411 in the USA, 83,381,413 France, 411 and Israel. 412 Two other studies tackled the issue slightly differently.…”