Voluntary Nystagmus

Blair, Charles J.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1967.00980020351011

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…35 It can be produced in the light or dark and with the eyelids open or closed. It has even been reported as a monocular phenomenon, 36 although we have not seen such a case.…”

Section: Psychogenic Disease Affecting Fixation Ocular Motility Andcontrasting

confidence: 66%

Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Psychogenic Disease

Miller¹

2006

Semin Neurol

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From a neuro-ophthalmologic standpoint, five areas may be affected by psychogenic disease: (1) vision, including visual acuity and visual field; (2) ocular motility and alignment; (3) pupillary size and reactivity; (4) eyelid position and function; and (5) corneal and facial sensation. The physician faced with a patient complaining of decreased vision or some other disturbance related to the afferent or efferent visual systems for which there is no apparent biologic explanation has three responsibilities. First, the physician must ascertain that an organic disorder is not present. Second, the physician should induce the patient to see or do something that would not be possible if the condition were organic in nature. Finally, the physician should attempt to determine whether the patient has an underlying psychiatric disease or is experiencing psychosocial stress. In this article, manifestations of psychogenic disease as they pertain to vision are considered, and, where appropriate, the various methods used to diagnose and treat these phenomena are discussed.

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“…35 It can be produced in the light or dark and with the eyelids open or closed. It has even been reported as a monocular phenomenon, 36 although we have not seen such a case.…”

Section: Psychogenic Disease Affecting Fixation Ocular Motility Andcontrasting

confidence: 66%

Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Psychogenic Disease

Miller¹

2006

Semin Neurol

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“…There are other cases in the literature similar to the above 4 patients, who were reported in the literature as having voluntary nystagmus but denied having any voluntary control of their eye movements (2,3). Although some had evidence of possible secondary gain, others did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Many of the articles written about this problem have emphasized that the disorder is voluntary and suggest that the patient who complains of symptoms from this is either hysterical or malingering (1,2) This would not, however, explain the findings in all cases as a number have been reported with clearly documented voluntary nystagmus yet still complained of additional episodes that were involuntary and symptomatic (3,4). Two such patients with involuntary spells of spontaneous “voluntary nystagmus” were treated successfully with base out prisms and + lenses (5,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involuntary “Voluntary” Nystagmus

Rosenberg¹

2021

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Background: Voluntary nystagmus is a common phenomenon in the general population and is believed to be under voluntary control. Some patients have an eye movement disorder indistinguishable from voluntary nystagmus and yet have no control over these movements. Methods: Four patients with involuntary eye movements consisting of spontaneous or induced bursts of saccadic eye movements with no intersaccadic interval are described. All eye movements were typical of "voluntary nystagmus," yet they denied any control over the movements. In none of the patients was there any evidence of psychopathology or secondary gain. Results: Two types of patients with involuntary eye movements that were indistinguishable from voluntary nystagmus are presented. One group of 2 patients had clear neurological disease, whereas another 2 had no evidence of any neurological pathology. Conclusions: The patterns seen in these patients suggest that there is a spectrum of oculomotor saccadic instabilities that includes voluntary nystagmus on one extreme and ocular flutter on the other. In between these 2 are both normal and abnormal patients with eye movements indistinguishable from ocular flutter/voluntary nystagmus that may or may not be induced by convergence. It is suggested that involuntary "voluntary nystagmus" is a real condition and that psychopathology should be ruled in rather than simply assumed.

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“…Bei Aschoff et al [1976a, b] heisst es: Kleinhirnkerne -Augenmuskeln -Kleinhirnkerne, und für Blumenthal [1973] und Zahn [1978] [Bartels, 1930[. Das Augenschüttein läuft dann nach dem «Alles-oder-nichts-Gesetz» ab [Blair et al, 1967;Laus und Krey, 1974], Die horizon tale Schwingungsebene des Tremors erklärt sich aus dem gesteigerten Tonus der Hori zontalmotoren bei vegetativer Fern-NahDiskrepanz [Luhr und Eckel, 1933] …”

unclassified

Über willkürlich auslösbare abnorme Augenbewegungen

Piper¹,

Feindt²

1979

Ophthalmologica

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Some people are able to abduct and adduct just one of their eyes from maximum convergence position. Such a distribution of different tonus on both sides has a binocular-symmetric innervation pattern carried out on two chronological orders and a monocular-asymmetric innervation pattern carried out on one chronological order. The latter is trainable. The voluntary nystagmus ist comparable to the muscle tremor (on coldness). It is mediated by the parasympathic-innervated reflex for near focussing. The relief of the brain stem automatism is a ‘stigma degenerationis’ and not trainable because it is a basic rhythm. An opto-kinetic nystagmus could be performed without stimulus by conditioned reflexes.

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Voluntary Nystagmus

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Psychogenic Disease

Neuro-Ophthalmologic Manifestations of Psychogenic Disease

Involuntary “Voluntary” Nystagmus

Über willkürlich auslösbare abnorme Augenbewegungen

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