Voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation lasting 5 min and 20 min similarly reduce aerobic metabolism without affecting power outputs during Wingate anaerobic test

Abstract

Twenty minutes of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation prior to exercise reduces the aerobic metabolic rate with a compensatory increase in the anaerobic metabolic rate without affecting exercise performance during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Thus, pre-exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation may be a useful means of stressing the anaerobic energy system during training, ultimately improving anaerobic exercise performance. However, it remains unclear whether a shorter (e.g., 5 min) pre-exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation is sufficient to reduce the aerobic metabolic rate during high-intensity exercise. We therefore compared the effects of 5-min and 20-min pre-exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation on aerobic metabolism during the 30-s WAnT. Ten healthy young males and one female performed the WAnT following 20 min of spontaneous breathing (control trial) or 5 or 20 min of voluntary hypocapnic hyperventilation. Both the 5-min and 20-min hyperventilation reduced end-tidal CO 2 partial pressure (an index of arterial CO 2 partial pressure) to ∼23 mmHg, whereas it remained unchanged during the spontaneous breathing. The peak, mean and minimum power outputs during the WAnT did not differ among the three trials. Oxygen uptake during the WAnT was lower in both the 5-min (1493 ± 257 mL min −1 ) and 20-min (1397 ± 447 mL min −1 ) hyperventilation trials than during the control trial (1847 ± 286 mL min −1 ), and was similar in the two hyperventilation trials. These results suggest that 5 min of pre-exercise hypocapnic hyperventilation reduces aerobic metabolism during the 30-s WAnT to a level similar to that seen with the 20min hyperventilation. Moreover, exercise performance was unaffected, which implies anaerobic metabolism was enhanced.

Inter-Set Voluntary Hyperventilation-Aided Recovery Does Not Improve Performance of Bench Press and Squat in Recreationally Trained Individuals

“…Similarly, Kaçoğlu and Işik's 17 work resulted in inconclusive findings, with VH prior to activity improving 10-m sprint times but showing no difference in countermovement jump of moderately trained young female volleyball players. Several other studies have reported no differences in peak or mean power achieved during cycling sprints but did not specifically note the training experience of their subjects 8,9,16 . Accordingly, these works suggest that other factors may contribute to the effectiveness of VH including timing and duration of VH, rest time, and training experience to name a few.…”

“…Despite such findings, the usefulness of VH as an ergogenic aid remains questionable with several studies finding no benefit to performance based outcomes 8,9,[16][17][18] . Hilbert et al 18 found no performance benefits to repeated bouts of handgrip exercise following VH in untrained males.…”

“…Jacob et al 3 determined that VH performed prior to a 50m swim resulted in significantly faster times. Additionally, Fujii et al 8 and Dobashi et al 9 found that 5 or 20min of VH prior to Wingate sprints resulted in similar peak and mean power outputs but lower O2 uptake. Sakamoto and colleagues 4 investigated the effect of 30 sec of VH during the rest periods between repeat cycling sprints.…”

Efeitos da hiperventilação hipocápnica mista sobre o desempenho intermitente

“…De fato, os estudos com protocolos de HVH mais intensos e longos com indução hipocápnica (20 min 30 respirações • min -1 , 1L de volume corrente), apesar de demonstrarem um aumento substancial à contribuição glicolítica durante o exercício, não mostraram existir efeitos ergogênicos no teste de Wingate (FUJII et al, 2015;DOBASHI et al, 2017DOBASHI et al, , 2020 (GASTIN, 2001;BUCHHEIT;LAURSEN, 2013aLAURSEN, , 2013b, por envolver uma caraterística de resistência de potência (BUCHHEIT; LAURSEN, 2013a). portanto ele seria mais sensível a respostas no desempenho nesse quesito.…”

“…Vale salientar, que nesse estudo, a potência média foi aumentada em 5% quando comparada a condição controle.Por outro lado, os resultados dos estudosde Fujii et al (2015) eDobashi et al (2017) com protocolos de hiperventilação (30 respirações/min -1 ) de 20 minutos, cada um, não observaram efeitos ergogênicos agudos sobre o desempenho de testes de Wingate de membros inferiores. Nessa mesma linha,Dobashi et al (2020) também não observaram efeitos de protocolos de hiperventilação (30 respirações/min) de 15 e 5 minutos sobre o teste de Wingate, embora tenham encontrado efeitos de hipocapnia muito semelhantes, quando comparados aos tempos de 15 e 5 minutos de hiperventilação.Podemos citar ainda com relação ao tema, um experimento com exercício intermitente de 10 o aumento da atividade dos músculos respiratórios e do tronco. Portanto, evidências mostram que a hiperventilação hipocapnica gera aumento na excitabilidade neural do sistema nervoso central, com facilitação de descargas de ondas de pico (SEYAL; MULL; GAGE, 1998; JENSEN; na mesma sessão de exercício(DOBASHI et al, 2017), já que, em hipótese, os mecanismos distintos poderiam ser complementares e possibilitar a sustentação ao longo de toda uma sessão de exercício.…”