Voluntary feed intake by lactating sows

O’Grady, J. F.; Lynch, P. B.; Kearney, P. A.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(85)90134-4

Cited by 79 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is a reasonable result of the simulation, because sows with a high milk production generally mobilize more from body tissues than sows with lower milk production. Therefore, high milk production sows reach their maximum feed intake capacity earlier in lactation (O'Grady et al, 1985;Eissen et al, 2000). It is important to consider that different groups of sows might have different feed intake capacities or are fed according to different feeding curves to formulate diets that fulfill the daily protein and AA recommendations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Strathe

Theil

Hansen

et al. 2015

Animal

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Determination of appropriate nutritional requirements is essential to optimize the productivity and longevity of lactating sows. The current recommendations for requirements do not consider the large variation between animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amino acid recommendations for lactating sows using a stochastic modeling approach that integrates population variation and uncertainty of key parameters into establishing nutritional recommendations for lactating sows. The requirement for individual sows was calculated using a factorial approach by adding the requirement for maintenance and milk. The energy balance of the sows was either negative or zero depending on feed intake being a limiting factor. Some parameters in the model were sow-specific and others were population-specific, depending on state of knowledge. Each simulation was for 1000 sows repeated 100 times using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. BW, back fat thickness of the sow, litter size (LS), average litter gain (LG), dietary energy density and feed intake were inputs to the model. The model was tested using results from the literature, and the values were all within ±1 s.d. of the estimated requirements. Simulations were made for a group of low-(LS = 10 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)), medium-(LS = 12 (s.d. = 1), LG = 2.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) and high-producing (LS = 14 (s.d. = 1), LG = 3.5 kg/day (s.d. = 0.6)) sows, where the average requirement was the result. In another simulation, the requirements were estimated for each week of lactation. The results were given as the median and s.d. The average daily standardized ileal digestible (SID) protein and lysine requirements for low-, medium-and high-producing sows were 623 (CV = 2.5%) and 45.1 (CV = 4.8%); 765 (CV = 4.9%) and 54.7 (CV = 7.0%); and 996 (CV = 8.5%) and 70.8 g/day (CV = 9.6%), respectively. The SID protein and lysine requirements were lowest at week 1, intermediate at week 2 and 4 and the highest at week 3 of lactation. The model is a valuable tool to develop new feeding strategies by taking into account the variable requirement between groups of sows and changes during lactation. The inclusion of between-sow variation gives information on safety margins when developing new dietary recommendations of amino acids and protein for lactating sows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Strathe

Theil

Hansen

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…2 Large neutral AA: isoleucine + leucine + valine + phenylalanine + tyrosine. 3 Try/LNAA = tryptophan / LNAA. 4 Tyr/LNAA = tyrosine / (isoleucine + leucine + valine + phenylalanine + tryptophan).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, sows must mobilize fat and protein reserves [3,4]. The extent of body reserve mobilization depends on the amplitude and the nature of the nutritional deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: II. Consequences on reproductive performance and interactions with metabolic status

et al. 2005

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-The hypothesis that the restriction of dietary protein during lactation has different impacts on reproductive performance in light and heavy sows at farrowing was investigated, as well as the relationships between reproductive parameters and sow metabolic data. At farrowing, 38 primiparous sows were assigned to one of three groups: sows weighing 180 kg not restricted in dietary protein during lactation (180CP); sows weighing 180 or 240 kg restricted in protein (180LP and 240LP). Twenty-four sows were catheterized and serial blood samples were collected 1 d before and 1 d after weaning. The sows were inseminated at the first estrus after weaning and slaughtered at d 30 of gestation. Protein restriction reduced the proportion of sows that returned to estrus within 8 d after weaning in the 180LP sows (P < 0.03), but not in the 240LP sows. It also induced a reduction in ovulation rate in the 180LP sows (P < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, in the 240LP sows (P = 0.12). When the sows were categorized according to return to estrus (WOI ≤ 8 or > 8 d), basal and mean concentrations of LH increased after weaning only in sows with a short WOI. Sows with a delayed estrus exhibited a higher ratio of plasma tyrosine to large neutral amino acids (AA, P < 0.01). In conclusion, large body reserves at farrowing buffer, at least in part, the detrimental effect of a strongly negative nitrogen balance on reproduction. We suggest that the alteration of AA profiles induced by dietary protein restriction and body protein loss alters LH secretion via modifications of the neurotransmitters involved in GnRH secretion.sow / rearing / lactation / protein intake / amino acid / reproductive performance

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“…Primiparous sows generally mobilize body reserves to meet the high energy and nutrient requirements for milk production [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: I. Consequences on sow metabolic status and litter growth

et al. 2005

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-The hypothesis that the restriction of dietary protein during lactation has different impacts on sow metabolic status and milk production according to body weight was evaluated. From 5-months of age until farrowing, the gilts were fed to achieve body weights of 180 or 240 kg at farrowing. At this time, 38 sows were assigned to one of three groups: "180 kg" sows not restricted in dietary protein during lactation (180CP); "180 kg" restricted in protein (180LP), or "240 kg" sows restricted in protein (240LP). Catheters were fitted in the jugular vein of 24 sows and serial blood samples were collected 1 d before and 1 d after weaning. Amongst the protein-restricted animals, heavy sows (240LP) had a smaller appetite than light sows in early lactation, resulting in lower energy and protein intakes in the 240LP than in the 180LP sows. Body protein losses were 8, 11 and 13.5% of calculated body protein mass at farrowing in the 180CP, 180LP and 240LP sows, respectively. At the end of lactation, IGF-I concentrations were lower in the 180LP than in the sows from the other groups, probably because of the uncoupling between GH and IGF-I secretions. Low IGF-I concentrations likely promote lean tissue mobilization. Glucose and insulin profiles suggested an insulin resistance state in the 240LP sows compared with the 180LP sows, which may explain, at least in part, the lower feed intake and body reserve mobilization in these sows. Plasma pre-and post-prandial concentrations of amino acids in late lactation differed among the three treatment groups. Throughout lactation, litters from the 180LP and 240LP sows had a slower growth rate than litters from sows which were not restricted, suggesting that endogenous protein mobilization throughout lactation does not completely compensate for a low protein intake. sow / live weight / lactation / protein intake / IGF-I / insulin

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Voluntary feed intake by lactating sows

Cited by 79 publications

References 20 publications

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Determination of protein and amino acid requirements of lactating sows using a population-based factorial approach

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: II. Consequences on reproductive performance and interactions with metabolic status

Dietary protein restriction during lactation in primiparous sows with different live weights at farrowing: I. Consequences on sow metabolic status and litter growth

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