Voluntary Consumption of Amphetamine, Cocaine, Ethanol and Morphine by Rats as Influenced by a Preceding Period of Forced Drug Intake and Clozapine

Ufer, Mike; Dadmarz, M.; Vogel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1159/000028293

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As expected, our rats with a choice between water and either ethanol or cocaine drank voluntarily from the respective drug-containing bottles [16,17,22,23]. Given a choice between water and ethanol and cocaine in combination, animals drank from both drug-containing bottles and consumed about the same amounts of ethanol and cocaine as compared to animals with only one drug choice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…We reported previously that forcing rats to consume only ethanol or cocaine for a period of time had no effect on a subsequent free choice of the same drug [17,22]. However, some evidence is available indicating that involuntary exposure to either ethanol or cocaine can affect a subsequent free choice of the other drug [9,11,25,32,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Free choice oral self-administration has been used extensively in studies with ethanol but is now also used for cocaine [16][17][18]. Here, it has been shown that oral cocaine is behaviorally effective [18][19][20] and amounts consumed voluntarily corresponded to dopamine release in the shell of the nucleus accumbens after cocaine injections as measured by microdialysis [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Such a preference has been used as a predictor for a subsequent consumption of psychoactive drugs including ethanol and cocaine [17,[27][28][29][30][31]. Here, we used a sweetened solution as a distracter to Values represent means B SD for groups of young male (n = 10), young female (n = 10) and old (n = 8) rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Self-Administration of Ethanol and Cocaine in Rats

Grathwohl

Dadmarz

Vogel³

2001

Pharmacology

Self Cite

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Most laboratory animal studies on self-administration of drugs of abuse use only one drug, whereas humans frequently engage in polydrug use. For this reason, we studied oral self-administration of ethanol (E) and cocaine (C) with the free choice bottle method using a single drug alone, a combination (E and C in separate bottles) or a mixture of both drugs in a single bottle. Young female rats (45 days) consumed similar amounts of C if offered alone (12.4 ± 7.5 mg/kg/day), in the presence of ethanol (10.6 ± 3.5) or as E/C mixture (8.0 ± 4.0). They also consumed similar amounts of E if offered alone (3.8 ± 1.6 ml/kg/day), in the presence of C (2.3 ± 0.8) or E/C mixture (2.4 ± 1.1). Voluntary consumption of both drugs varied markedly among animals but was consistent in a given rat. No correlation occurred between consumption of E and C. Young male rats behaved similarly and consumed similar amounts of E and C alone, in combination and as mixture. While E consumption was similar, C consumption was higher in female rats. Old male rats (180 days) were similar to young male rats. The presence of a saccharin solution as a distracter had no effect on intake of E or C in young females but reduced E intake only in young male rats. In young animals, prior voluntary consumption of either E or C had no effect on subsequent voluntary consumption of the same or other drug offered in combination. These results indicate that this model may be useful to study polydrug use in humans, that consumption of both E and C is strongly controlled by an individual animal, that prior exposure to one drug had no or little effect on a subsequent consumption of the same or other drug in combination and that intake of E or C seems to be independent of each other suggesting two independent reward centers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Self-Administration of Ethanol and Cocaine in Rats

Grathwohl

Dadmarz

Vogel³

2001

Pharmacology

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“…WKR actually decreased their subsequent voluntary consumption of nicotine and both strains reduced their cocaine choice. In SpragueDawley rats we have shown previously that forced exposure did not increase a subsequent voluntary choice of any of the 4 substances tested here but actually had no effect on a subsequent free choice [23,28]. Thus, results of forced intake might also differ genetically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Effects of Strain, Behavior and Age on the Self-Administration of Ethanol, Nicotine, Cocaine and Morphine by Two Rat Strains

et al. 2001

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Two genetically different strains, Brown Norway rats (BNR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR), with the latter showing higher emotionality and lower plasma stress catecholamine responses, were compared for their voluntary intake of ethanol, nicotine, cocaine and morphine. Younger BNR self-administered the same amounts of all 4 substances as did the younger WKR suggesting a similar genetic basis for all drugs at this age. Older BNR consumed less ethanol and nicotine but equal amounts of cocaine and morphine as compared to older WKR, and older BNR were more sensitive to the effects of ethanol than WKR suggesting a different genetic basis for different drugs at an older age. Forcing both strains to consume one of the drugs did not affect a subsequent voluntary consumption of ethanol and morphine but reduced nicotine intake in WKR and decreased cocaine intake in both strains suggesting that drug use is determined by individual preferences and not drug exposure per se. The behavioral characteristics of both strains coincide only with the self-administration of ethanol and nicotine supporting a possible genetic linkage between anxiety/stress and ethanol and nicotine use.

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Rewarding effects of ethanol and cocaine in µ opioid receptor-deficient mice

Becker

Grecksch

Kraus

et al. 2002

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology

116

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To investigate the role of mu opioid receptors in the reinforcing effects of psychotropic drugs, the voluntary ethanol intake and ethanol- and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference in mu opioid receptor-deficient mice and their wild-type counterpartners was tested. Moreover, dopamine D1 and D2 receptor binding was measured. It was found that ethanol intake was significantly lower in deficient mice. Conditioned place preference in wild-type animals was induced with 5.0 mg/kg cocaine and this dose was ineffective in the knockouts. In this group conditioned place preference occurred after injection of 10.0 mg/kg cocaine. Cocaine induced a similar increase in locomotor activity in both groups of mice. There was no difference in dopamine D1 receptor binding, whereas dopamine D2 receptor binding was significantly lower in the hippocampus of deficient animals. This suggests that interaction between opioid systems and dopaminergic systems may account for the differences in responding to the drugs.

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Voluntary Consumption of Amphetamine, Cocaine, Ethanol and Morphine by Rats as Influenced by a Preceding Period of Forced Drug Intake and Clozapine

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Oral Self-Administration of Ethanol and Cocaine in Rats

Oral Self-Administration of Ethanol and Cocaine in Rats

Effects of Strain, Behavior and Age on the Self-Administration of Ethanol, Nicotine, Cocaine and Morphine by Two Rat Strains

Rewarding effects of ethanol and cocaine in µ opioid receptor-deficient mice

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