Volumetric measurement of human calf muscle from magnetic resonance imaging

Elliott, Mark A.; Walter, Glenn A.; Gulish, H.; Sadi, A. S.; Lawson, Danielle; Jaffe, William I.; Insko, Erik K.; Leigh, John S.; Vandenborne, Krista

doi:10.1007/bf02592238

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The fat-free max-CSA was determined pre-and post-RPT using a custom-designed interactive computer program that allows for correction of partial volume filling effects, as described previously. 11,12 In addition, we previously showed that the max-CSA of individual PF muscles can be measured reliably, with test-retest correlation coefficients of 0.978-0.999.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Resistance training and locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series

et al. 2007

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Study design: Longitudinal intervention case series. Objective: To determine if a 12-week resistance and plyometric training program results in improved muscle function and locomotor speed after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: University research setting. Methods: Three ambulatory individuals with chronic (18.772.2 months post injury) motor incomplete SCI completed 12 weeks of lower extremity resistance training combined with plyometric training (RPT). Muscle maximum cross-sectional area (max-CSA) of the knee extensor (KE) and plantar flexor (PF) muscle groups was determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, peak isometric torque, time to peak torque (T 20-80 ), torque developed within the initial 220 ms of contraction (torque 220 ) and average rate of torque development (ARTD) were calculated as indices of muscle function. Maximal as well as selfselected gait speeds were determined pre-and post-RPT during which the spatio-temporal characteristics, kinematics and kinetics of gait were measured. Results: RPT resulted in improved peak torque production in the KE (28.974.4%) and PF (35.079.1%) muscle groups, as well as a decrease in T 20-80 , an increased torque 220 and an increase ARTD in both muscle groups. In addition, an increase in self-selected (pre-RPT ¼ 0.77 m/s; post-RPT ¼ 1.03 m/s) and maximum (pre-RPT ¼ 1.08 m/s; post-RPT ¼ 1.47 m/s) gait speed was realized. Increased gait speeds were accompanied by bilateral increases in propulsion and hip excursion as well as increased lower extremity joint powers. Conclusions: The combination of lower extremity RPT can attenuate existing neuromuscular impairments and improve gait speed in persons after incomplete SCI.

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Resistance training and locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series

et al. 2007

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“…Chemically selective fat suppression was used to enhance the deWnition between muscle groups. The fatfree maximal muscle cross-sectional area (max-CSA) of the posterior compartment muscles was determined using a custom-designed interactive computer program that allows for correction of partial volume Wlling eVects, as described previously (Elliott et al 1997). Posterior compartment muscles included in the analysis were the medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles, which serve as important plantarXexors of the ankle.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficit in human muscle strength with cast immobilization: contribution of inorganic phosphate

et al. 2006

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Metabolic factors have been proposed to explain strength deficits observed in skeletal muscle with immobilization that are not completely accounted for by changes in muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and neural adaptations. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in the resting inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration from the medial gastrocnemius muscle during immobilization, reloading and rehabilitation. Additionally, we assessed the contributions of CSA, muscle activation and Pi concentration to plantar flexor torque during rehabilitation following immobilization. Eight persons with a surgically stabilized ankle fracture participated. Subjects were immobilized for 6-8 weeks and subsequently participated in 10 weeks of rehabilitation. Localized (31)P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, isometric torque and activation testing were performed on the immobilized and uninvolved limbs. At 6 weeks of immobilization, significant differences were noted between the immobilized and uninvolved limbs for the Pi concentration and the Pi/PCr ratio (P < 0.05). From 6 weeks of immobilization to 3-5 days of reloading, the increase in Pi concentration (15%, P = 0.26) and Pi/PCr (20%, P = 0.29) was not significant. During rehabilitation, the relative contributions of CSA, muscle activation and Pi concentration to plantarflexor torque were 32, 44 and 40%, respectively. Together, CSA, muscle activation and Pi concentration accounted for 76% of the variance in torque (P < 0.01). In summary, our findings suggest that immobilization, independent of reloading, leads to a significant increase in the resting Pi concentration of human skeletal muscle. Additionally, alterations in resting Pi concentration may contribute to strength deficits with immobilization not accounted for by changes in muscle CSA or neural adaptations.

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“…Image analysis was performed using a custom-designed interactive computer program, EXTRACTOR. 17 Treadmill and cycling locomotor training In both types of training, animals were trained continuously for 3 months (5 days per week, two sessions per day, 20 min per session), starting on postoperative day 8.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of skeletal muscle following spinal cord injury and locomotor training

et al. 2008

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Study design: Experimental rat model of spinal cord contusion injury (contusion SCI).Objective: The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the longitudinal changes in rat lower hindlimb muscle morphology following contusion SCI by using magnetic resonance imaging and (2) to determine the therapeutic potential of two types of locomotor training, treadmill and cycling. Setting: University research setting. Methods: After moderate midthoracic contusion SCI, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to either treadmill training, cycle training or an untrained group. Lower hindlimb muscle size was examined prior to SCI and at 1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, and 12-week post injury. Results: Following contusion SCI, we observed significant atrophy in all rat hindlimb muscles with the posterior muscles (triceps surae and flexor digitorum) showing greater atrophy than the anterior muscles (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum). The greatest amount of atrophy was measured at 2-week post injury (range from 11 to 26%), and spontaneous recovery in muscle size was observed by 4 weeks post-SCI. Both cycling and treadmill training halted the atrophic process and accelerated the rate of recovery. The therapeutic influence of both training interventions was observed within 1 week of training and no significant difference was noted between the two interventions, except in the tibialis anterior muscle. Finally, a positive correlation was found between locomotor functional scores and hindlimb muscle size following SCI. Conclusions: Both treadmill and cycle training diminish the extent of atrophy and facilitate muscle plasticity after contusion SCI.

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Volumetric measurement of human calf muscle from magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Resistance training and locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series

Resistance training and locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series

Deficit in human muscle strength with cast immobilization: contribution of inorganic phosphate

A longitudinal study of skeletal muscle following spinal cord injury and locomotor training

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