Volumetric Displays: Turning 3-D Inside-Out

Smalley, Daniel; Poon, Ting‐Chung; Gao, Hongyue; Kvavle, Joshua; Qaderi, Kamran

doi:10.1364/opn.29.6.000026

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, we characterized the deviation at each point and used these values to update the focal points. 15 , and we note that this rendering capability is identical to that of the latest photophoretic display where a similarly scaled image was rendered at an exposure time of 8-60 s. 2 Increasing the velocity of the particle distorts the shape of the volumetric image and, ultimately, the particle is ejected from the acoustic trap. This effect can be observed in the images formed by simpler trajectories as shown in Figs.…”

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confidence: 66%

“…1 A "free-space display" is a type of volumetric display that operates in midair and does not have barriers between the user and the images. 2 Recently, Smalley et al presented the concept of a photophoretictrap based volumetric display (OTD: Optical Trap Display). 3 An OTD has significant advantages compared to holograms or lightfield displays since it renders images that can be observed from different angles without clipping.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acoustophoretic volumetric displays using a fast-moving levitated particle

Fushimi

Marzo

Drinkwater

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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Displays have revolutionized the way we work and learn, and thus, the development of display technologies is of paramount importance. The possibility of a free-space display in which 3D graphics can be viewed from 360 without obstructions is an active area of research-holograms or lightfield displays can realize such a display, but they suffer from clipping and a limited field of view. Here, we use a phased array of ultrasonic emitters to realize a volumetric acoustophoretic display in which a millimetric particle is held in midair using acoustic radiation forces and moved rapidly along a 3D path. Synchronously, a light source illuminates the particle with the target color at each 3D position. We show that it is possible to render simple figures in real time (10 frames per second) as well as raster images at a lower frame rate. Additionally, we explore the dynamics of a fast-moving particle inside a phased-array levitator and identify potential sources of degradation in image quality. The dynamics are nonlinear and lead to distortion in the displayed images, and this distortion increases with drawing speed. The created acoustophoretic display shows promise as a future form of display technology.

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confidence: 66%

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confidence: 99%

Acoustophoretic volumetric displays using a fast-moving levitated particle

Fushimi

Marzo

Drinkwater

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In contrast to stereoscopic viewing, for which the three-dimensional image rendering is required to be computed separately for each eye, the volumetric visualization system provides both eyes with the entire image. As a result, the accommodation and vergence are stimulated in a manner, which mimics natural viewing conditions [23], and no discomfort is experienced [21]. The capability of volumetric imaging systems to be implemented in medical diagnostics was highlighted recently [20], however, no results of professional users' performance have been reported.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Visualization Methods For Radiologistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience

et al. 2019

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The visual search performance of radiologists is systematically challenged due to the use of flat-panel displays when viewing multi-slice images. Three-dimensional visualization of information is expected to facilitate visual search for radiologists. However, as the differences in user performance, depending on radiologist experience, have not yet been assessed for real three-dimensional images, it is difficult to estimate the usability of new visualization systems for radiologists with different amounts of professional search experience. In this study, we aimed to determine how three-dimensional visual search is affected by radiologist experience and the physical properties of stimuli. Radiologists, residents, and medical students accomplished visual search tasks with varying set sizes and target-distractor similarities. Search items were presented on multiple display planes and image manipulation was conducted using a computer keyboard. We compared the search outcome and strategy among three groups of participants. All three groups submitted a similar number of correct responses depending on target-distractor similarity. However, in contrast to radiologists and residents, it took a considerably longer time for students to find the targets. The major differences were evident in search strategy when comparing the image manipulations of radiologists with those of residents and students. Our results demonstrated that experienced radiologists’ search performance benefited from seeing the entire three-dimensional view of an image, whereas residents and students focused instead on reducing the amount of information and searched in a selective manner. These findings should be taken into account when planning the implementation of new workstations with three-dimensional visualization in radiology.

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“…Despite the technology advancements in these permeable, reconfigurable, mid-air displays, they usually involve a high price point (acknowledged as one main issue towards their commercialization [33]) and remain bulky [19,29,13,25]. The ability to provide fine resolution in their reconfiguration while retaining a minimal form factor is acknowledged as another main challenge [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a key contribution, this paper describes SonicSpray, a novel technique to reconfigure permeable mid-air displays using ultrasound Bessel beams (concept in Figure 10(a)). SonicSpray is developed around two key properties: 1) it enables mid-air display control through a minimal form factor [2], built using low cost, off-the-shelf components [33]; and 2) it maintains laminarity of the flow during reconfiguration, to retain display quality [26]. These properties enable four key advantages: 1) it removes enclosures (i.e., transparent electrodes) like those in [29]; 2) it is silent, avoiding fans or other noisy moving parts [35]; 3) it allows simple and precise real-time control of the laminar airflow, using only one control point on XY-plane; and 4) it has a minimal form factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SonicSpray: A Technique to Reconfigure Permeable Mid-Air Displays

Norasikin

Martinez-Plasencia

Memoli

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces

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Figure 1. Applications enabled by SonicSpray: (a) SonicSpray is visualising a graphical clock in mid-air by laterally oscillating its narrow mist, (b) game of whack a mole, (c) projection of butterfly that is moving in 3D spatial space, (d) a visual of a person in a video call application. ABSTRACTPermeable, mid-air displays, such as those using fog or water mist are limited by our ability to shape and control the aerosol and deal with two major issues: (1) the size and complexity of the system, and (2) the creation of laminar flow, to retain display quality. Here we present SonicSpray, a technique using ultrasonic Bessel beams to create reconfigurable mid-air displays. We build a prototype from low-cost, off-the-shelf parts. We explore the potential and limitations of SonicSpray to create and redirect laminar flows of fog. We demonstrate a working prototype that precisely controls laminar aerosols through only 6x6 ultrasound transducers array. We describe the implementation steps to build the device, verify the control and projection algorithm for the display, and evaluate its performance. We finally report our exploration of several useful applications, in learning, entertainment and arts.

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Volumetric Displays: Turning 3-D Inside-Out

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Acoustophoretic volumetric displays using a fast-moving levitated particle

Acoustophoretic volumetric displays using a fast-moving levitated particle

Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience

SonicSpray: A Technique to Reconfigure Permeable Mid-Air Displays

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