Volumes of the Entorhinal and Perirhinal Cortices in Alzheimer’s Disease

Activation of Caspase-6 in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment

“…In cases evaluated from the ROS cohort, there is a 26% reduction in entorhinal cortex volume in MCI similar to that reported for early (CDR 1) AD that increases to 40% in severe AD. 24,25 The reduction of volume is proportional to the severity of the disease as measured by MMSE scores. 24 There is a 32% loss of neurons in the entorhinal cortex of individuals with MCI (CDR 0.5) compared with normal controls with as much as a 60% loss in the layer II of the entorhinal cortex of these and the ROS study individuals.…”

“…24,25 The reduction of volume is proportional to the severity of the disease as measured by MMSE scores. 24 There is a 32% loss of neurons in the entorhinal cortex of individuals with MCI (CDR 0.5) compared with normal controls with as much as a 60% loss in the layer II of the entorhinal cortex of these and the ROS study individuals. 26 This loss increases significantly to 90% in AD (CDR 3).…”

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Normal-Appearing White Matter in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer Disease: Preliminary Evidence of Axonal Degeneration in the Temporal Lobe

“…27,28 Early microscopic studies have described the intracellular and extracellular features of AD in limbic and neocortical brain regions, [29][30][31][32] and more recent MR imaging studies have demonstrated volumetric changes in corresponding gray matter regions of AD brains. 1,[33][34][35][36] However, relatively little attention has been directed toward abnormalities in cerebral white matter in AD.…”

“…This finding is consistent with the known propensity for early degeneration of temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampal formation, parahippocampal gyrus, and entorhinal cortex in AD. 1,3,[30][31][33][34] Furthermore, because DA is more strongly related to axonal pathology and DR is more strongly related to demyelination, 18,19 the changes in temporal white matter directional diffusivities of MCI (2DA) may reflect early axonal damage, and the directional diffusivity changes in temporal white matter of AD (2DA, 1DR) may reflect complete loss of myelinated axons as would be seen in wallerian degeneration. Lesser changes in directional diffusivities were also observed in the frontal and parietal white matter of MCI and AD subjects but were not observed in the occipital white matter.…”

Quantitative magnetic resonance techniques as surrogate markers of Alzheimer’s disease

“…Volume measurements from different medial temporal lobe structures have been extensively studied to differentiate patients with AD from cognitively normal elderly. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Of these, the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus volumes are generally considered to be the most accurate in differentiating patients clinically diagnosed as AD from normal. The abilities of these measures to discriminate patients with AD from normal do not differ significantly.…”