Volume Surface Integral Equation Method Based on Higher Order Hierarchical Vector Basis Functions for EM Scattering and Radiation From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

Cai, Qiang‐Ming; Zhao, Yanwen; Huang, Wei‐Feng; Zheng, Yu-Teng; Zhang, Zhipeng; Nie, Zaiping; Liu, Qing

doi:10.1109/tap.2016.2621018

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…3, the bistatic RCS of the DG-VSIE coincides with those of the conventional VSIE as well as the Mie series. To further measure the accuracy of this VSIE, the root mean square (RMS) error [5,25] The number of unknowns in the DG-VSIE is less than that in the conventional VSIE, while the accuracy keeps the same level. Besides, note again that the proposed VSIE is discretized by CRWG/CSWG bases, which are defined on curved triangular/tetrahedral elements.…”

Section: Metallic Sphere With Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, note again that the proposed VSIE is discretized by CRWG/CSWG bases, which are defined on curved triangular/tetrahedral elements. Although curved elements can enhance the accuracy of geometrical modelling, the singularity integral process over the curved elements becomes more challenging, than that of the planar elements [5]. In this example, the Duffy's transform [24] is adopted to address the existing singularity integrals.…”

Section: Metallic Sphere With Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A patch antenna [5] is modeled as the third example in Fig. 5 and illuminated by a plane wave E inc (r) = e x e −jk b z at 3.0 GHz.…”

Section: Microstrip Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, as divergence-conformal bases, RWG and SWG require to be defined on a pair of conformal and adjacent elements and demand highquality conformal mesh grids to guarantee accuracy. This conformal meshing, however, is nontrivial and sometimes impossible, especially for the CMD objects containing multiscale, high-definition, or inhomogeneous dielectric materials [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, it was extended to the integral equation (IE) to support nonconformal meshes, e.g., IEDG [6] and DGVIE [10]. In this DG-VSIE, the associated equivalent volume currents and surface currents are respectively expanded by CSWG bases and CRWG bases [5], which are defined in curved tetrahedrons and curved triangles. Different from the previous work, our DG-VSIE applies DG-JVIE and DG-SIE respectively to the dielectric part and metallic part, through which the conformal as well as nonconformal meshes can be used for volume and surface discretization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discontinuous Galerkin Vsie Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

Zhu¹,

Cai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

PIER M

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In this paper, an efficient volume surface integral equation (VSIE) method with nonconformal discretization is developed for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering from composite metallic and dielectric (CMD) structures. This VSIE scheme utilizes curved tetrahedral (triangular) elements for volume (surface) modeling and the associated CRWG (CSWG) basis functions for volume current (surface) current modeling. Further, a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) volume integral equation (VIE) method and a DG surface integral equation (SIE) approach are adopted for dielectric and metallic parts, respectively, which allow both conformal and nonconformal volume/surface discretization improving meshing flexibility considerably. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility of our scheme.

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Section: Metallic Sphere With Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metallic Sphere With Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A patch antenna [5] is modeled as the third example in Fig. 5 and illuminated by a plane wave E inc (r) = e x e −jk b z at 3.0 GHz.…”

Section: Microstrip Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Discontinuous Galerkin Vsie Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

Zhu¹,

Cai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

PIER M

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An adaptive nested complex source beam method for electromagnetic scattering of composite conducting-dielectric objects

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Jin³

et al. 2020

Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements

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Transformation Optics-Based Finite Difference Time Domain Algorithm for Scattering From Object With Thin Dielectric Coating

et al. 2019

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A proper dielectric coating can reduce the electromagnetic scattering of the conducting object significantly so that it cannot be detected by the radar. However, when the object contains a thin coating, fine grid size is needed to discretize the thin coating in the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, which increases the amount of memory and computational time significantly. To overcome this dilemma, we present a transformation optics-based FDTD (TO-FDTD) algorithm to accelerate the solution of electromagnetic scattering from objects with thin dielectric coatings. Two kinds of novel TO-FDTD models are proposed in this paper for a coated cylinder and a coated arbitrary polygonal cylinder, respectively. Through coordinate transformation, the size of the object remains unchanged while its thin coating is enlarged to a thicker one, meaning that it can be simulated by the FDTD algorithm with uniform coarse grids instead of fine grids. The transformed material parameters become inhomogeneous and anisotropic in the transformed region, which can be obtained by solving a Jacobian transformation matrix. We then develop a stable FDTD algorithm for solving anisotropic Maxwell's equations. Bistatic scatterings of coated cylinders and a coated polygonal cylinder are solved by the TO-FDTD algorithm proposed in this paper, respectively. The result of the TO-FDTD algorithm matches well with the exact value and the result of the commercial software Comsol. The computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed TO-FDTD algorithm are validated by numerical experiments. Numerical results show that the TO-FDTD algorithm has higher computational accuracy than the conventional FDTD algorithm that fails to simulate the absorbing property of the coating, when the same coarse grid size is used in the simulation. Under the same level of accuracy, the proposed TO-FDTD method can improve the computational efficiency by 62-63 times than the conventional FDTD method with fine grids in the simulations in the paper. INDEX TERMS Coated object, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), radar cross section (RCS), transformation optics.

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Volume Surface Integral Equation Method Based on Higher Order Hierarchical Vector Basis Functions for EM Scattering and Radiation From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Discontinuous Galerkin Vsie Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

Discontinuous Galerkin Vsie Method for Electromagnetic Scattering From Composite Metallic and Dielectric Structures

An adaptive nested complex source beam method for electromagnetic scattering of composite conducting-dielectric objects

Transformation Optics-Based Finite Difference Time Domain Algorithm for Scattering From Object With Thin Dielectric Coating

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