Volume of water added to crushed ice affects the efficacy of cryotherapy: a randomised, single-blind, crossover trial

Estéfani, Daniela de; Ruschel, Caroline; Benincá, Inaihá Laureano; Haupenthal, Daniela Pacheco dos Santos; Avelar, Núbia Carelli Pereira de; Haupenthal, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.physio.2019.12.005

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Researchers 16 investigated the effect of the amount of water added to crushed ice in plastic bags on cryotherapy effectiveness. Compared to watered ice, pure ice, or wetted ice resulted in a higher fall in skin surface temperature of the anterior thigh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional model of transient bioheat transfer in the lower extremity during cryotherapy

Zare

Ghoraishian

Khorasani

2021

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The purpose of this research was to create a computational model of the human thigh undergoing cryotherapy. The tissue temperatures were measured for five cold pack temperatures of −8°C, −4°C, 0°C, 4°C, and 8°C in addition to six different time intervals of cold application and ice removal. The depth of cold penetration and duration of local tissue cooling were investigated at 10 points during 30 min of application and 7 h of post-application. The model was created in CATIA, using a mid-axial cut of the human thigh MRI without pathology. After validation by the available clinical data, this research applied the finite-volume discretization method to solve bioheat transfer equations. A 16°C decrease in the cold pack temperature reduced the tissue temperatures located 1 and 2 cm below the fat by almost 3.34°C and 1.4°C, respectively, after 30 min of cold application. It took the tissues 10–15 min to start cooling down, and the temperature reached its plateau after 100 min. Thirty minutes of cold application declined the superficial tissue and deep tissue temperatures near the bone by 22.59°C and 0.48°C, respectively. Intense cryotherapy led to an insignificant change in the deep tissue temperature at 2 cm and deeper below the fat tissue. After ice removal, tissues continued cooling down for about 8 min until 40 min, depending on the tissue depth. This study proposed a 100-min cold therapy with 10 min of ice removal to optimize tissue cooling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-dimensional model of transient bioheat transfer in the lower extremity during cryotherapy

Zare

Ghoraishian

Khorasani

2021

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…Thus, cryotherapy is considered to be an important strategy for preventing damage to adjacent tissues caused by excessive leukocyte infiltration or enzymatic or hypoxic mechanisms, 9 and by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 10 therefore constituting a means of attenuating damage caused by the exacerbation of inflammatory processes. A common method of delivering cryotherapy is the application of three doses daily (for 20 min each) 11 using packs of crushed ice 12 , 13 , 14 applied directly onto the skin 15 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cryotherapy on the regeneration process and muscular mechanical properties after lacerative injury model

Haupenthal

Silveira

Zaccaron

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Cryotherapy is a therapeutic modality widely used for the treatment of muscle injuries to control pain and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cryotherapy on the inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters and mechanical properties of, and pain in, the skeletal muscles of rats with lacerative muscle injury. The rats were anesthetized with 4% isoflurane and subjected to gastrocnemius muscle laceration injury. After injury, all animals in the intervention groups received cryotherapy treatment for 20 minutes using plastic bags containing crushed ice. The protocol comprised three daily applications at 3‐hour intervals on the day of injury, with reapplication 24 hours later. Seventy‐two male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham, muscle injury (MI), and MI + cryotherapy (MI + cryo). Muscle mechanical properties were analyzed by mechanical tensile testing on day 7 after injury. The MI + cryo group showed reduced TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL1β levels; elevated IL4, IL6, and IL10 levels; reduced oxidant production and carbonyl levels; and elevated sulfhydryl contents. Animals that underwent tissue cooling showed superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels close to those of the animals in the sham group. The MI and MI + cryo groups showed reduced values of the evaluated mechanical properties and lower mechanical thresholds compared to those of the animals from the sham group. Our results demonstrated that the proposed cryotherapy protocol reduced the inflammatory process and controlled oxidative stress but did not reverse the changes in the mechanical properties of muscle tissues or provide analgesic effects within the time frame analyzed.

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The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise

Kwiecien

McHugh

2021

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Volume of water added to crushed ice affects the efficacy of cryotherapy: a randomised, single-blind, crossover trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

A three-dimensional model of transient bioheat transfer in the lower extremity during cryotherapy

A three-dimensional model of transient bioheat transfer in the lower extremity during cryotherapy

Effects of cryotherapy on the regeneration process and muscular mechanical properties after lacerative injury model

The cold truth: the role of cryotherapy in the treatment of injury and recovery from exercise

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