Volume of the Human and Rabbit Meibomian Gland System

Long-Term (3 Year) Effects of a Single Thermal Pulsation System Treatment on Meibomian Gland Function and Dry Eye Symptoms

“…In this regard, it has been reported that the majority of active meibomian glands reside in the nasal third of the eyelid, whereas the lowest numbers are found in the temporal region. 28,29 Additionally, the mean number of active glands in the temporal region was not found to vary as a function of dry eye severity, in contrast to the situation in the nasal and central regions where symptom severity was correlated with a decrease in the number of glands yielding liquid secretions. 29 The regional differences in MGS scores in the present study would thus be consistent with this earlier report and strengthen the concept that the central and nasal meibomian glands are of primary importance when evaluating and addressing MGD.…”

“…Using the MGE, a total of 15 glands in each of the lower eyelids were applanated, comprising 60% of the total lower eyelid meibomian glands averaging 25.363.1. 28 The characteristics of the glandular expressate were graded on a scale of 0 to 3, where 0¼no secretion, 1¼inspissated-filamentary secretion, 2¼cloudy liquid secretion, and 3¼clear liquid secretion. 18 The total MGS score (range 0-45) was determined by summing the grades of the glandular expressate for all 15 glands.…”

Long‐term (12‐month) improvement in meibomian gland function and reduced dry eye symptoms with a single thermal pulsation treatment

“…Although the total number of meibomian glands has been determined in normal subjects, the absolute number of meibomian glands in both upper and lower eyelids that must be open, functional and producing secretions of optimal quality and quantity to support an asymptomatic state is unknown. When considering only the meibomian glands of the lower eyelid, it has been reported that 10.6 ± 2.6 open glands correlates with asymptomatic, healthy eyes, whereas symptomatic states were observed when only 6.25 ± 0.35 glands of the lower eyelid yielded liquid secretions .…”

Meibomian glands, meibum, and meibogenesis

“…1, upper panel). There are between 20 and 40 individual MG in the upper eyelid of humans, and 20 to 30 – in the lower on (Duke-Elder, 1961; Leeson, 1963); (Bron and Tiffany, 1998); (Greiner et al, 1998). The anatomical features of MG have been extensively studied (Knop et al, 2011; Obata, 2002).…”