Volume of motor area predicts motor impulsivity

A fundamental question in neuropsychiatry is whether a neurobiological continuum accompanies the behavioral continuum between subclinical and clinical traits. Impulsivity is a trait that varies in the general population and manifests severely in disorders like psychopathy. Is the neural profile of severe impulsivity in psychopathy an extreme but continuous manifestation of that associated with impulsivity in the general population (different by degree)? Or is it discontinuous and unique (different by kind)? Here, we compare systematic reviews of the relationship between impulsivity and gray matter in psychopathy and in the general population. The findings suggest that the neural profile associated with extreme impulsivity in psychopathy (increased gray matter in rostral and ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex) is distinct from that associated with impulsivity in the general population (decreased gray matter in rostral and ventral prefrontal cortex). Severe impulsivity in psychopathy may therefore arise from a pathophysiological mechanism that is unique to the disorder. These findings prompt the need for future studies to directly test the effect of group on the impulsivity-gray matter relationship in samples comprised of healthy individuals and individuals with psychopathy. The results caution against the use of community samples to examine impulsive psychopathic traits in relation to neurobiology.

show abstract

“…, 2017 ; Korponay et al. , 2017a ; Ai et al. , 2019 ), two of which also replicated the finding in independent samples ( Holmes et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews

Korponay

Koenigs

2021

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This literature converges on one modestly consistent pattern of findings: that self-reported impulsivity in the general population as measured by the BIS-11 is associated with decreases in gray matter in the prefrontal cortex. This relationship is reported by six studies [15,[27][28][29][30][31], one of which also replicated the finding in an independent sample of different demographic background [29]. Eight studies did not report a relationship between prefrontal gray matter and BIS-11 scores, and one study reported a positive relationship ( Table 2).…”

Section: The Relationship Between Gray Matter Volume and Impulsivity supporting

confidence: 57%

Gray Matter Correlates of Impulsivity in Psychopathy and in the General Population Differ by Kind, Not by Degree: A Comparison of Systematic Reviews

Korponay¹,

Koenigs²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A fundamental question in neuropsychiatry is whether a neurobiological continuum accompanies the behavioral continuum between subclinical and clinical traits. Impulsivity is a trait that varies in the general population and manifests severely in disorders like psychopathy. Is the neural profile of severe impulsivity in psychopathy an extreme but continuous manifestation of that associated with impulsivity in the general population (different by degree)? Or is it discontinuous and unique (different by kind)? Here, we compare systematic reviews of the relationship between impulsivity and gray matter in psychopathy and in the general population. The findings suggest that the neural profile associated with extreme impulsivity in psychopathy (increased gray matter in rostral and ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex) is distinct from that associated with impulsivity in the general population (decreased gray matter in rostral and ventral prefrontal cortex). Severe impulsivity in psychopathy may therefore arise from a pathophysiological mechanism that is unique to the disorder. The results caution against the use of community samples to examine impulsive psychopathic traits in relation to neurobiology.

show abstract

“…[55]. This inhibition was also considered to be related to the inhibition of facial expression [11], and be involved in inhibitory control of emotion [56]. In the third stage, the left DLPFC was significantly activated, suggesting the involvement of the cognitive regulation of emotion.…”

Section: Processing Stages Of Implicit Regulation Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic causal model on self-regulation of aversive emotion

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive regulation of emotion has been proven to be effective to take control the emotional responses. Some cognitive models have also been proposed to explain the neural mechanism that underlies this process. However, some characteristics of the models are still unclear, such as whether the cognitive regulation will be spontaneously employed by participants implicitly. The present study recruited the fMRI experiment to focus on the discomfort induced by viewing aversive pictures, and the emotional self-regulation during picture viewing. By using the dynamic causal modeling (DCM), 50 putative models of brain functional networks were constructed, one optimal model that fitted the real data best won the comparison from the candidates. As a result, the optimal model suggests that both the ventral striatum (VS)-centric bottom-up and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-centric top-down regulations are recruited for self-regulation on negative emotions. The DLPFC will exert modulatory influence on the VS only when the VS fails to suppress the induced emotions by self-inhibition.

show abstract

Volume of motor area predicts motor impulsivity

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews

Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews

Gray Matter Correlates of Impulsivity in Psychopathy and in the General Population Differ by Kind, Not by Degree: A Comparison of Systematic Reviews

A dynamic causal model on self-regulation of aversive emotion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About