Volume of food consumed affects satiety in men

Abstract

This study tested the hypothesis that the amount (weight or volume) of food consumed affects the satiating potency of a food, independent of its energy content. Normal-weight young men (n = 20) were tested in a within-subjects design. Subjects were served a milk-based drink or no drink (control), followed 30 min later by a self-selected lunch and > 4 h later by a self-selected dinner. Milk drinks were equal in energy content (2088 kJ, or 499 kcal) and had similar proportions of fat (30.3%), carbohydrate (54.7%), and protein (15%) across three volumes: 300, 450, and 600 mL. Ratings of palatability, sensory properties, and energy content of the drinks and of hunger completed before consumption of the preloads were not significantly different among conditions. The results showed that preload volume affected energy intake at lunch (P < or = 0.009) such that energy intake was less after the 600-mL preload than after the 300-mL preload. This effect was still present when energy intake at dinner was included (P < or = 0.022). At lunch, including energy from the preload, subjects overate relative to the control condition (4323 +/- 322 kJ) after the 300- (5263 +/- 321 kJ) and 450-mL (5011 +/- 300 kJ) preloads but not after the 600-mL (4703 +/- 353 kJ) preload. Thus, the best adjustment for the energy in the preloads was with the largest, least energy-dense drink. Consistent with the effects on intake, the volume of the drinks affected ratings of hunger and fullness. These results indicate that the volume consumed is an important determinant of satiety after milk drinks under these conditions.

Food Intake and Reward Mechanisms in Patients with Schizophrenia: Implications for Metabolic Disturbances and Treatment with Second-Generation Antipsychotic Agents

“…High caloric density food contributes to abnormally elevated total caloric intake as weight and volume of meals ingested by humans tend to remain relatively steady (Rolls et al, 1998). Such rich in caloric content diets robustly activate reward centers and fail to produce proportional (to the amount of ingested calories) suppression of hunger signals, as CNS insulin and leptin stop boosting and restraining, respectively, already activated (in the basal state) catabolic pathways and already inhibited (in the basal state) anabolic pathways, that is, ceiling effect .…”

“Drink at least eight glasses of water a day.” Really? Is there scientific evidence for “8 × 8”?

“…There is some evidence, in both women (51) and men (75), that water drunk along with a meal or water incorporated into food (74, 85) does promote satiety. By and large, it is not yet clear to what extent this effect reduces food intake, how long the effect lasts, and how much fluid might be needed to influence satiety.…”

Role of dietary carbohydrate and frequent eating in body-weight control

“…However, current thinking is that an increase in carbohydrate : fat induces satiety because it is associated with a reduction in the energy density of the diet, so that for a given energy intake a larger volume, or weight, of food has to be eaten. Thus, as it is thought that individuals eat to a constant volume or weight of food (Poppitt & Prentice, 1996;Bell et al 1998;Rolls et al 1998), at least in the short and medium terms, passive over-consumption is less likely on a diet of low energy density. The second strand of physiological evidence is that if overfeeding does occur on a diet with a high carbohydrate : fat value, slightly less of the excess energy is likely to be stored as fat, because carbohydrate overfeeding, particularly in the first 2 weeks, substantially increases the rate of carbohydrate oxidation, but only slightly suppresses fat oxidation.…”