Volume of Distribution of Tritiated Water as a Measure of Total Body Water in Suckling Pigs

Tollerz, Gunnar

doi:10.1186/bf03547362

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Furthermore, the apparent volume of distribution estimated by NLME was 735 mL/kg. In general, animal total body fluid represents 60% of body weight and plasma is 4.5–5% ( 33 ), Tollerz reported total body water content represents approximately 72.8% of body weight in piglets ( 34 ), and for piglets in this study with an average body weight of around 3.4 kg, the apparent volume of distribution of ponazuril was similar to the total body fluid volume, suggesting a high degree of systemic distribution. Of note, the central distribution volume was much larger than the peripheral distribution volume, revealing that ponazuril is mostly distributed in the plasma as well as in some blood flow-rich tissues and organs in pigs ( 35 ), which may be associated with the lipophilicity of ponazuril (LogP = 3.1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and excretion of ponazuril in piglets

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Ponazuril is a triazine anticoccidial drug which is the main metabolite of toltrazuril in animals, it has excellent activity against many protozoa, including Cystoisospora suis, and has broad application prospects in the control of swine coccidiosis. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and excretion characteristics of ponazuril, 12 healthy piglets aged 10–14 days were divided into 2 groups for pharmacokinetic studies, which were given 20 mg/kg body weight ponazuril orally and intravenously, respectively. And 6 other piglets were housed individually in metabolic cages and given the same oral dose of ponazuril. After administration, the concentration of ponazuril in plasma, fecal, and urine samples collected was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plasma concentration profiles of ponazuril obtained after intravenous and oral administration were analyzed simultaneously by the nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) model. Following the results, the pharmacokinetics of ponazuril exhibited a Michaelis-Menten elimination with Michaelis-Menten constant Km and maximum metabolic rate Vm of 10.8 μg/mL and 0.083 mg/kg/h. The apparent volume of distribution was calculated to be 735 mL/kg, and the final estimated oral bioavailability was 81%. Besides, cumulatively 86.42 ± 2.96% of ponazuril was recovered from feces and 0.31% ± 0.08% from urine during 0–1,020 h after oral administration. These findings indicated a good oral absorption of ponazuril in piglets with nonlinear disposition and slow excretion largely via feces, implying sustained drug concentration in vivo and long-lasting anticoccidial effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%