Volume Fracturing Technology Application in the World's Largest Conglomerate Oil Field, Northwest of China

Abstract

One billion-ton super large oil field of Mahu is the largest oil and gas exploration achievement in China in recent years and has become the most realistic replacement area for increasing reserves and production in China as the world's largest conglomerate oil field till now. According to the complex reservoir-forming conditions in Mahu Sag, poor reservoir property, strong heterogeneity, and large sand body span, hydraulic fracturing in this area was facing serious challenges in fracture initiation and proppant placement. It has deepened the concept of volume fracturing technology and improved the effect of reconstruction; advanced chemicals to optimize replacement and reduce costs; tackled key perforation bridge plug with production technology to improve the level of operation according to 5 year’s stimulation experiences. The volume fracturing series technologies have been widely applied in 11 blocks and 97 wells in Mahu, including most of the exploration, evaluation, and development areas. For the tight conglomerate oil reservoir of Mahu, the fracturing and producing effects accompanied by economic development have been realized and effectively promoted, thus the average cumulative production increased by 37.5% per year.

How to Determine Individual Risk Due to Toxic, Fire, and Explosion Accidents in a Hydrocarbon Processing Area?

“…Its importance is now indisputable considering the exploration, extraction, refining, and marketing of petroleum crude and its derivatives. Furthermore, these compounds, for their physical and chemical properties, specifically their flammability limits, constitute a danger for the development of toxic, fire, and explosion accidents, which can cause numerous deaths, environmental pollution, and economic losses [7][8][9][10]. Therefore, protection against such events has become increasingly essential in the safety management of oil deposits, for which various risk analysis techniques are used that allow forecasting the occurrence probability of accidents.…”