Volume Determination of Fused Quartz Spheres

Fujii, K.; Masui, R.; Seino, Syouichi

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/006

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The original concept developed by Saunders [75] is shown in (a), where flat etalons and plane waves were used. This simple interferometer was also used at the NMIJ in 1990 to measure the diameter of fused quartz spheres [79], but a problem was found in this scheme. When a plane wave is reflected on the surface of the sphere, it is converted into a spherical one, and since its divergence is relatively large, it is clipped in passing through the optical components.…”

Section: Optical Interferometers For Silicon Spheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Avogadro constant determination via enriched silicon-28

Becker

Friedrich

Fujii³

et al. 2009

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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This review describes the efforts of several national metrology institutes to replace the present definition of the kilogram by a new one based on the mass of a given number of 12C atoms. This requires the determination of the Avogadro constant with a relative uncertainty no greater than 2 × 10−8. Since in previous attempts the most significant limiting factor has been the measurement of the average molar mass of the natural silicon, an international collaboration has been set up to produce a 5 kg single crystal with an isotope enrichment over 99.985%. The technological steps enabling the production of this high-purity 28Si crystal are also reported.

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Section: Optical Interferometers For Silicon Spheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Avogadro constant determination via enriched silicon-28

Becker

Friedrich

Fujii³

et al. 2009

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…where L is the plate distance of the etalon. This distance L is determined by optical interferometry using a method described elsewhere [22].…”

Section: Optical Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a silicon density standard and precision density measurements of solid materials by hydrostatic weighing

Fujii¹,

Waseda²,

Kuramoto³

2001

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The method and devices for absolute density measurements of silicon crystals and relative density measurements of solid materials by hydrostatic weighing are described. A solid density standard based on single-crystal silicon spheres has been developed, where the mass of the 1 kg sphere is compared with that of the prototype kilogram through secondary 1 kg standards, and the volume is determined directly by measuring its diameters by optical interferometry, so that the unit of density is traceable to the definition of mass and length in SI units. The relative combined standard uncertainty of this absolute density measurement is 1.0×10-7. Using these silicon spheres as a reference standard, relative density measurements of other solid materials were performed by hydrostatic weighing. Results have shown that the densities of other silicon crystals and stainless steel samples have been determined with relative combined standard uncertainties of 1.1×10-7 and 5.8×10-7, respectively. Details on the evaluation of uncertainty in the density measurement are presented.

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“…The improvements made were: exact definition of the diameter position and fringe evaluation by fringe scanning [4,5] as well as increase in the number of interferometric diameter measurements with photographic evaluation of the interference systems [6] so that an uncertainty of the interferometric evaluation between 0.01 and 0.02 interference orders was achieved. In a further step, lock-in detection of the interference signal and a scanning displacement of the etalon relative to the sphere allowed uncertainties in the interference evaluation of lower than λ/1000 to be achieved [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute volume determination of a silicon sphere with the spherical interferometer of PTB

Nicolaus¹,

Bönsch²

2005

Metrologia

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For an absolute measurement of a density standard, mass and volume are measured separately. The absolute determination of the volume is still the quantity limiting the uncertainty. Lowest uncertainties are achieved by interferometric measurements of the diameter of spheres made from a silicon single crystal. So far, measurements have been based on a plane interferometer. At PTB, we demonstrate a new method of determining the diameter using a spherical interferometer, which yields more and particular information about the resulting volume.

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Volume Determination of Fused Quartz Spheres

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

The Avogadro constant determination via enriched silicon-28

The Avogadro constant determination via enriched silicon-28

Development of a silicon density standard and precision density measurements of solid materials by hydrostatic weighing

Absolute volume determination of a silicon sphere with the spherical interferometer of PTB

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