Volume-Dependent Response of Precooling for Intermittent-Sprint Exercise in the Heat

Minett, Geoffrey M.; Duffield, Rob; Marino, Frank E.; Portus, Marc

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318211be3e

Cited by 73 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This observation is reinforced by a study which examined three precooling strategies: (1) cooling pack, (2) cooling pack + cold water immersion and (3) cooling pack + cold water immersion + ice vest 27. While no effect was found for the cooling pack, both mixed method cooling trials effectively improved exercise performance 27. The higher cooling capacity in the mixed method cooling compared with individual cooling strategies most likely contributes to this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our analysis revealed that a combination of techniques (ie, mixed method precooling) had a significantly larger effect than individual cooling techniques (cold water/ice slurry ingestion, cooling vests, cooling packs or cold water immersion alone). This observation is reinforced by a study which examined three precooling strategies: (1) cooling pack, (2) cooling pack + cold water immersion and (3) cooling pack + cold water immersion + ice vest 27. While no effect was found for the cooling pack, both mixed method cooling trials effectively improved exercise performance 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: a meta-analytical review

et al. 2014

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Background Exercise increases core body temperature (Tc), which is necessary to optimise physiological processes. However, excessive increase in Tc may impair performance and places participants at risk for the development of heat-related illnesses. Cooling is an effective strategy to attenuate the increase in Tc. This meta-analysis compares the effects of cooling before ( precooling) and during exercise ( percooling) on performance and physiological outcomes. Methods A computerised literature search, citation tracking and hand search were performed up to May 2013. 28 studies met the inclusion criteria, which were trials that examined the effects of cooling strategies on exercise performance in men, while exercise was performed in the heat (>30°C). 20 studies used precooling, while 8 studies used percooling. Results The overall effect of precooling and percooling interventions on exercise performance was +6.7±0.9% (effect size (ES)=0.43). We found a comparable effect (p=0.82) of precooling (+5.7±1.0% (ES=0.44)) and percooling (+9.9±1.9% (ES=0.40)) to improve exercise performance. A lower finishing Tc was found in precooling (38.9°C) compared with control condition (39.1°C, p=0.03), while Tc was comparable between conditions in percooling studies. No correlation between Tc and performance was found. We found significant differences between cooling strategies, with a combination of multiple techniques being most effective for precooling (p<0.01) and ice vest for percooling (p=0.02). Conclusions Cooling can significantly improve exercise performance in the heat. We found a comparable ES for precooling and percooling on exercise performance, while the type of cooling technique importantly impacts the effects. Precooling lowered the finishing core temperature, while there was no correlation between Tc and performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: a meta-analytical review

et al. 2014

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“…32 Improvements in exercise performance have been observed with application of ice towels before the start of exercise, 33,34 but limited evidence exists on the effect of ice towels on performance when used during exercise. Ice towels can be implemented with ease and low cost, requiring only a few towels, ice, water, and a cooler.…”

Section: Ice Towelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body-Cooling Paradigm in Sport: Maximizing Safety and Performance During Competition

Adams

Hosokawa

Casa

2016

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context: Although body cooling has both performance and safety benefits, knowledge on optimizing cooling during specific sport competition is limited. Objectives: To identify when, during sport competition, it is optimal for body cooling and to identify optimal body-cooling modalities to enhance safety and maximize sport performance. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify articles with specific context regarding body cooling, sport performance, and cooling modalities used during sport competition. A search of scientific peer-reviewed literature examining the effects of body cooling on exercise performance was done to examine the influence of body cooling on exercise performance. Subsequently, a literature search was done to identify effective cooling modalities that have been shown to improve exercise performance. Evidence Synthesis: The cooling modalities that are most effective in cooling the body during sport competition depend on the sport, timing of cooling, and feasibility based on the constraints of the sports rules and regulations. Factoring in the length of breaks (halftime substitutions, etc), the equipment worn during competition, and the cooling modalities that offer the greatest potential to cool must be considered in each individual sport. Conclusions: Scientific evidence supports using body cooling as a method of improving performance during sport competition. Developing a strategy to use cooling modalities that are scientifically evidence-based to improve performance while maximizing athlete's safety warrants further investigation. Keywords: cooling modality, body temperature, cooling rate, review Athletes competing in competitive sports strive to maximize athletic performance (increased strength, faster completion times in timed aerobic and anaerobic events, increased cognition in sport-specific skills, and increased exercise capacity in competitions of set time duration) to perform at the highest level. During competition, especially in the heat, it is not uncommon for athletes to reach body temperatures in the range of 39°C to 40°C, which could have negative effects on performance and increase the risk of heat illness. 1,2 To combat these potentially deleterious effects, athletes often use various body-cooling techniques to lower or mitigate the rise in body temperature during competition.There are currently 2 hypotheses that account for the negative physiological and performance effects that increasing body temperature has on athletic performance: the critical-temperature hypothesis and the anticipatory hypothesis. The critical-temperature hypothesis centers on the concept that the body will decrease intensity when body temperature reaches a "critical threshold" of 40°C to prevent exertional heat stroke (EHS) from occurring. 1,3,4 The anticipatory model states that the brain will anticipate the increase in body temperature and thus alter intensity during exercise to prevent body temperature from reaching unsafe levels. [5][6][7] In both theories, exe...

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“…During rest and physical work, cooling of the inner sites of protective clothing by fanning and an ice vest and cooling of the limbs have been found be effective for heat strain relief [57][58][59][60]. Finally, workers and the general public should be educated about the psychophysiological mechanisms of heat illness and specific countermeasures, including cooling the body [61][62][63][64][65], f luid intake [66][67][68][69], and heat acclimation. For physical work under uncompensable heat stress, better management of the work rate, the work environment and health is required, because the benefits of heat acclimation are limited under such conditions.…”

Section: Influence Of Heat Acclimation On Heat Tolerance In Workers Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Exercise-Heat Acclimation for Preventing Heat Illness in the Workplace

Yamazaki

2013

J UOEH

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: The incidence of heat-related illness in the workplace is linked to whether or not workers have acclimated to a hot environment. Heat acclimation improves endurance work performance in the heat and thermal comfort at a given work rate. These improvements are achieved by increased sweating and skin blood flow responses, better fluid balance and cardiovascular stability. As a practical means of acclimatizing the body to heat stress, daily aerobic exercise training is recommended since thermoregulatory capacity and blood volume increase with physical fitness. In workers wearing personal protective suits in hot environments, however, little psychophysiological benefit is received from short-term exercise training and/or heat acclimation because of the ineffectiveness of sweating for heat dissipation and the aggravation of thermal discomfort with the accumulation of sweat within the suit. For a manual laborer who works under uncompensable heat stress, better management of the work rate, the work environment and health is required.

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Volume-Dependent Response of Precooling for Intermittent-Sprint Exercise in the Heat

Cited by 73 publications

References 37 publications

Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: a meta-analytical review

Precooling and percooling (cooling during exercise) both improve performance in the heat: a meta-analytical review

Body-Cooling Paradigm in Sport: Maximizing Safety and Performance During Competition

Effectiveness of Exercise-Heat Acclimation for Preventing Heat Illness in the Workplace

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