Volume Comparisons in the Cerebellar Complex of Primates

Matano, Shozo; Baron, Georg; Stephan, Heinz; Frahm, Heiko D.

doi:10.1159/000156212

Cited by 51 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Volumes of brain structures were obtained from the quantitative studies of Stephan and his coworkers (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). We used data on female average age at first reproduction from a published list compiled by Ross (14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Brain structures and life-span in primate species.

Allman

McLaughlin

Hakeem

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In haplorhine primates, when the effect of body weight is removed, brain weight is correlated with maximum recorded life-span. In this paper we have analyzed the relationships between volumes of specific brain structures and life-span. When the effect of body weight is removed, the volumes of many brain structures are significantly, positively correlated with maximum recorded life-span. However, the volumes of the medulla and most frwst-order sensory structures do not correlate with life-span. The cerebellum is the brain structure that best correlates with life-span. Parts of the cerebellum are particularly vulnerable to age-related loss of mass in humans. For another measure of the life cycle, female reproductive age, a similar set of brain structures is significantly, positively correlated (again with the exceptions of the medulla and most first-order sensory structures). There are some differences between the structures correlated for life-span and female reproductive age. For example, the hippocampus and lateral geniculate nucleus correlate with female reproductive age but do not correlate with life-span. In strepsirhine primates, when the effect of body weight is removed, total brain weight does not significantly correlate with either life-span or female reproductive age. However, the volumes of some brain structures in strepsirhines do correlate with these life-cycle parameters. The centromedial complex of the amygdala is the only structure to correlate with life-span in both strepsirhine and haplorhine primates. This structure participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the stress response, which may be key factors governing life-span.In a previous study (1), we found in haplorhine primate species (tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans) that brain weight is correlated with maximum recorded life-span and female average age of first reproduction when the effect of body size is removed. In strepsirhine primates (lorises and lemurs) there is no statistically significant correlation between brain weight and either life-span or female reproductive age. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between the volumes of specific brain structures and both life-span and female reproductive age.MATERIALS AND METHODS We used maximum recorded life-span because it should measure under ideal circumstances the genetic potential for longevity for each species. To find the maximum recorded life-spans, we obtained data from 138 zoos and research institutions throughout the world. We used the same life-span data as in our previous paper (1); due to space limitations, we shall publish the life-span records separately. The maximum recorded human life-span was obtained from MacFarlan (2).Volumes of brain structures were obtained from the quantitative studies of Stephan and his coworkers (3-13). We used data on female average age at first reproduction from a published list compiled by Ross (14). Data on diet were obtained from the book Primate Societies (15). We used SYSTAT 5.2 to assist us in the...

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confidence: 99%

Brain structures and life-span in primate species.

Allman

McLaughlin

Hakeem

1993

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The Atelestype of climbing seemed to have more potential to develop into bipedalism than that of Macaca-type and the limb support patterns indicated a somewhat deliberate mode in Ateles. Concerning the volumetric comparisons on the IOPr, IOAc and the medial (CerM) and lateral (CerL) cerebellar nuclei (MATANO et al, 1985a) in Ateles and Macaca, the following results are …”

Section: Relation With Motor Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…When the results of IOPr are compared with those of three cerebellar nuclei (MATANO et al, 1985a), the ventral pons (MATANO et al, 1985b) and the vestibular nuclei (MATANO, 1986), the phylogenetical development of IOPr is recognized to be extremely similar with that of the lateral cerebellar nucleus. Both of them show a general evolutionary trend from prosimians to human progressively.…”

Section: Relations With Other Nuclei In Motor Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Viewed from the phylogenetical and neurological standpoints related to the cerebellum, we studied volumetric comparisons among various primate species including human on the ventral pons (MATANO et al, 1985b), the cerebellar nuclei (MATANO et al, 1985a), and the vestibular nuclei (MATANO, 1986. These results are all dependent on STEPHAN's valuable collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the monkeys, the arboreal quadrupedal type develops maintaining a balance between the IOPr and the IOAc in comparison with the semi-brachiation and the Old World terrestrial quadrupedal types. Putting these results together with those of the ventral pons (MATANO et al, 1985b), cerebellar nuclear complex (MATANO et al, 1985a) and the vestibular nuclear complex (MATANO,1986), some considerations were made in relation with the motor system centering around the cerebellum. …”

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A Comparative Neuroprimatological Study on the Inferior Olivary Nuclei (from the STEPHAN'S Collection).

Matano

1992

Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon

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In 2 species of Tupaiidae, 17 species of prosimians, 12 species of New World monkeys, 10 species of Old World monkeys, Hylobates, Gorilla, Pan and human (the STEPHAN'S collection), volumes of the inferior olivary nuclei (principal-IOPr, accessory-IOAc) were measured. The phylogenetical development was studied by using allometry based upon the regression line of 17 species of prosimians. Volume ratios of IOPr and IOAc to medulla oblongata were also examined.The IOPr evolved progressively from prosimians to human, whereas the IOAc were independent of a general evolutionary trend of primates. The IOAc in great apes and human are far inferior to the average prosimian level. Among the monkeys, the arboreal quadrupedal type develops maintaining a balance between the IOPr and the IOAc in comparison with the semi-brachiation and the Old World terrestrial quadrupedal types. Putting these results together with those of the ventral pons (MATANO et al., 1985b), cerebellar nuclear complex (MATANO et al., 1985a) and the vestibular nuclear complex (MATANO,1986), some considerations were made in relation with the motor system centering around the cerebellum.

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Volumetric comparisons in the cerebellar complex of anthropoids, with special reference to locomotor types

Matano

Hirasaki

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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Seven measurements in the cerebellar complex were completed on 45 individuals, including 26 species of anthropoids from Stephan's collection. These included 12 species of New World monkeys, 10 species of Old World monkeys, and Hylobates, Gorilla, Pan, and humans. The measurements were the volume of medial (fastigial) (CM), interpositus (globose and emboliform) (CI), and lateral (dentate) (CL) cerebellar nuclei, ventral pons (VPo), inferior olivary principal (OLIPr), and accessory (OLIAc) nuclei and vestibular nuclear complex (VES). The relative size of each nucleus was expressed in size indices based upon the allometric line obtained by the reduced major axis analysis. The indices of three cerebellar nuclei reflect the relative size of three longitudinal zones of the cerebellum. The cerebellar hemisphere-lateralis zone is represented by the CL indices, the vermis-medialis zone by the CM indices, and the pars intermedius-interpositus zone by the CI indices. The results show that the VPo and OLIPr indices are closely related to the CL indices. This lateral zone group of nuclei is the most progressively developed in humans, whereas the CM, CI, OLIAc, and VES are independent of the developmental trend manifest by the lateral zone group of nuclei. The indices are discussed in relation to the predominant locomotor pattern exhibited by a species. The size indices of arboreal quadrupeds show a development of all nuclei in the cerebellar complex. This is interpreted as indicating that arboreal monkeys live in complicated, discontinuous, three-dimensional space and need exceptional cerebellar capacity for each pattern of locomotion and positional behavior. Progressive development of the lateral zone group of nuclei only compared to other nuclei was recognizable in humans. This development is considered to be related not to bipedalism, but to versatile and coordinated finger movement, resulting after bipedalism was established. This cerebellar reorganization is also a prerequisite (Leiner et al. [1993] TINS 16: 444-447) for the evolution of human language. The differences between size indices of the nuclei of Macaca (= pronograde primate) and Ateles (= antipronograde one) are compared in relation to their vertical climbing kinesiological data.

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Volume Comparisons in the Cerebellar Complex of Primates

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Brain structures and life-span in primate species.

Brain structures and life-span in primate species.

A Comparative Neuroprimatological Study on the Inferior Olivary Nuclei (from the STEPHAN'S Collection).

Volumetric comparisons in the cerebellar complex of anthropoids, with special reference to locomotor types

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