Volume Attenuation and High Frequency Loss as Auditory Depth Cues in Stereoscopic 3D Cinema

Manolas, Christos; Pauletto, Sandra

doi:10.1007/s13319-014-0023-6

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This suggests that in the presence of such rich visual content, the effectiveness of the volume level alterations of the soundtrack as a means to influence visual depth may be diminished. This is also in line with findings from previous studies (Manolas and Pauletto, 2014) and with the fact that visual cues tend to dominate over auditory ones when both are available for a given audiovisual perceptual event (Mastoropoulou, 2006;Shams and Kim, 2010;Woszczyk et al, 1995). It is possible that in the absence of strong visual depth cues, participants may associate depth and vastness of space with a louder background sound, while when enough visual depth content becomes available, the visual cues take priority over the auditory ones.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…+3 dB) were found to be too weak to influence the overall sense of depth in the presence of prominent stereoscopic 3D visual cues. Finally, differences of +6 dB were observed to cause a similar perceptual effect in previous related tests (Manolas and Pauletto, 2014).…”

Section: Designsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Kitagawa and Ichihara (2002) have shown that a steady sound can be perceived to be changing in loudness when watching a synchronous 3D object moving in depth. Finally, in a study more closely related to the present one, Manolas and Pauletto (2014) have suggested that volume levels can influence the perceived depth of visual elements and environments in stereoscopic 3D animation presentations, although the direction of this effect was often contrary to what was expected based on real-life experiences.…”

Section: Crossmodal Integrationmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…For the purposes of sound design for stereoscopic 3D media, appropriate sound cues may or may not be the ones that are realistic in a strict sense, rather than the ones that are capable of influencing the desired sensory effects, irrespectively of their apparent level of realism. As an example, the results of a previous related study indicated that increased volume levels of an ambience sound, under certain conditions, may have a positive effect on the perception of visual depth while viewing short stereoscopic 3D animation sequences (Manolas and Pauletto, 2014). In most occasions in real-life conditions, an increased depth or distance between the viewer/listener and the surrounding sound-emitting objects would be expected to produce lower ambient/environmental sound levels.…”

Section: Realism Versus Appropriateness Of Auditory Cues For Sound Design Purposesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, the purpose of the tests was to firstly confirm whether previous relevant findings (Manolas and Pauletto, 2014) were valid and, secondly, if this was the case, to potentially initiate a series of investigations exploring whether volume level alterations of the entire soundtrack, or of specific elements within it, can be used as a creative tool for influencing the perception of visual depth in stereoscopic 3D presentations in a predictable manner. In this context, one should also consider the unique spatial characteristics of stereoscopic 3D media that utilise a 2D screen, as opposed to both environments that expand across 360 around the viewer/listener (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soundtrack loudness as a depth cue in stereoscopic 3D media

Manolas

Pauletto

Jang³

2020

Convergence

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Assisted by the technological advances of the past decades, stereoscopic 3D cues are being integrated increasingly in both interactive and non-interactive media. Arguably, the main focus of this effort is placed on the creation of an increased sense of visual depth. Considering that human perception relies heavily on the audiovisual integration rather than on visual information alone, it is rather surprising that relatively little attention has been given so far to the potential effect of the soundtrack on 3D depth perception in contrast to the evident interest towards the study of realistic 3D audio spatialisation techniques and technologies. The multisensory nature of human perception suggests that the potential of sound design as a means to influence depth perception in the stereoscopic 3D visual environments may be worthy of further exploration. This study reports on our research into the possibilities of using alterations of the volume levels of the soundtrack in order to influence the perception of visual depth while viewing stereoscopic 3D animation clips. Based on previous findings indicating that the volume level of the soundtrack may be related to the perception of visual depth, a series of experiments further explored the effectiveness of this auditory cue. Results suggest that, under certain conditions, differences in volume levels of the soundtrack could influence the judgement of visual depth in a way that frequently contradicts real-life expectations. It is suggested that different, more metaphorical perceptual mechanisms may be in play when viewing stereoscopic 3D presentations than in real life. In this context, we conclude that stereoscopic 3D media can benefit from further exploration of the effectiveness of certain auditory cues as a means to influence the perception of depth within the stereoscopic 3D environment.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Designsupporting

confidence: 78%