Volume 376: Brothers Arc Flux

Ronde, C. E. J. de; Humphris, Susan E.; Höfig, T.W.; Brandl, Philipp A.; Cai, Lanlan; Cai, Yuanfeng; Tontini, F. Caratori; Deans, J. R.; Farough, A.; Jamieson, John; Kolandaivelu, K. P.; Kutovaya, Anna; Labonté, Jessica M.; Martin, Andrew J.; Massiot, Cécile; McDermott, J. M.; McIntosh, I. M.; Nozaki, Tatsuo; Pellizari, Vivian Helena; Reyes, Agnes G.; Roberts, Stephen; Rouxel, Olivier; Schlicht, L.E.M.; Seo, Jung Hun; Straub, Susanne M.; Strehlow, K.; Takai, Ken; Tanner, Dominique; Tepley, F. J.; Zhang, Chao

doi:10.14379/iodp.proc.376.2019

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hydrothermal alteration at the different venting sites (i.e., high temperature vs. acid‐sulfate fluids) varies widely with secondary mineral assemblages comprising chlorite, illite, quartz and pyrite occurring at and just below the seafloor at the NW Caldera site, with advanced argillic alteration assemblages containing pyrophyllite, natroalunite, native sulfur, and quartz seen at the Cone sites. A similar advanced argillic alteration assemblage (with diaspore) was found to lie beneath the chlorite‐rich assemblage at the NW Caldera sites (de Ronde, Humphris, & Höfig, 2019, de Ronde, Humphris, Höfig, et al., 2019).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The Mg isotope composition of the acid‐sulfate fluids from Upper Cone resembles seawater (Figure 3b). This agrees with the results of acid‐sulfate fluids from DESMOS and North Su in the Manus Basin (Wilckens et al., 2019), consistent with a seawater origin of Mg. A minor enrichment of Mg due to phase separation that can be observed in the B isotope composition and in deep fluids from the IODP core (de Ronde, Humphris, & Höfig, 2019) is not influencing the Mg isotope composition, similar to Macauley volcano. In contrast, the Mg‐enriched fluids from the Lower Cone are enriched in 26 Mg (Figure 3b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…NW Caldera site; de Ronde, Humphris, Höfig, et al., 2019). By contrast, water‐rock interaction with acid‐sulfate fluids produce advanced argillic alteration assemblages, such as quartz, illite, pyrophyllite, diaspore, alunite, and anhydrite (de Ronde, Humphris, & Höfig, 2019; de Ronde, Humphris, Höfig, et al., 2019; Gena et al., 2001; Lackschewitz et al., 2004). Thus, rocks with advanced argillic mineral assemblages are highly depleted in MgO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altered rocks recovered from drilling of the Upper Cone at Brothers volcano show three different alteration assemblages with variable proportions of illite, natroalunite, pyrophyllite, quartz, opal CT, pyrite, and native sulfur (de Ronde, Humphris, & Höfig, 2019; de Ronde, Humphris, Höfig, et al., 2019). All of these alteration assemblages show an extreme depletion in MgO (de Ronde, Humphris, & Höfig, 2019). This loss of Mg from the altered volcanic basement at the Upper Cone site can be explained by Mg leaching due to acid‐sulfate alteration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources of Mg Enrichments in Vent Fluids From the Kermadec Arc Recorded by Li, B, and Mg Isotopes

Wilckens

Hansen

Diehl

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Hydrothermal circulation, in particular high-temperature interaction between seawater and oceanic crust, is one of the main sinks for magnesium (Mg) in seawater (Elderfield & Schultz, 1996). During this interaction, Mg is incorporated into secondary minerals. As a result, high-temperature (300°C-400°C) black-smoker hydrothermal vent fluids have Mg contents close to zero (i.e., von Damm et al., 1985). Experimental studies and natural observations suggest that Mg removal is almost complete during water-rock interaction at elevated (>60°C) temperatures (i.e.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sources of Mg Enrichments in Vent Fluids From the Kermadec Arc Recorded by Li, B, and Mg Isotopes

Wilckens

Hansen

Diehl

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Objectives related to microbial life in the subseafloor and a dynamic Earth represent two of the four current themes that guide scientific ocean drilling within the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP; IODP Science Plan for 2013-2023). While advances in these areas have been achieved using traditional coring and sample analyses, nontraditional means of instrumenting boreholes and direct sampling of legacy boreholes continue to transform our knowledge of these themes (D'Hondt et al, 2019;Orcutt et al, 2011;Smith et al, 2011;Neria et al, 2016;Wheat et al, 2020). To meet new challenges afforded by future and legacy boreholes, including the potential for in situ manip-ulative experiments, a new arsenal of samplers and sensors needs to be developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new high-temperature borehole fluid sampler: the Multi-Temperature Fluid Sampler

Wheat¹,

Kitts²,

Webb³

et al. 2020

Sci. Dril.

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Abstract. Deep (>1 km depth) scientific boreholes are unique assets that can be used to address a variety of microbiological, hydrologic, and biogeochemical hypotheses. Few of these deep boreholes exist in oceanic crust. One of them, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B, reaches ∼190 ∘C at its base. We designed, fabricated, and laboratory-tested the Multi-Temperature Fluid Sampler (MTFS), a non-gas-tight, titanium syringe-style fluid sampler for borehole applications that is tolerant of such high temperatures. Each of the 12 MTFS units collects a single 1 L sample at a predetermined temperature, which is defined by the trigger design and a shape memory alloy (SMA). SMAs have the innate ability to be deformed and only return to their initial shapes when their activation temperatures are reached, thereby triggering a sampler at a predetermined temperature. Three SMA-based trigger mechanisms, which do not rely on electronics, were tested. Triggers were released at temperatures spanning from 80 to 181 ∘C. The MTFS was set for deployment on International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 385T, but hole conditions precluded its use. The sampler is ready for use in deep oceanic or continental scientific boreholes with minimal training for operational success.

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Complex subsurface hydrothermal fluid mixing at a submarine arc volcano supports distinct and highly diverse microbial communities

Reysenbach

John

Meneghin

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Hydrothermally active submarine volcanoes are mineral-rich biological oases contributing significantly to chemical fluxes in the deep sea, yet little is known about the microbial communities inhabiting these systems. Here we investigate the diversity of microbial life in hydrothermal deposits and their metagenomics-inferred physiology in light of the geological history and resulting hydrothermal fluid paths in the subsurface of Brothers submarine volcano north of New Zealand on the southern Kermadec arc. From metagenome-assembled genomes we identified over 90 putative bacterial and archaeal genomic families and nearly 300 previously unknown genera, many potentially endemic to this submarine volcanic environment. While magmatically influenced hydrothermal systems on the volcanic resurgent cones of Brothers volcano harbor communities of thermoacidophiles and diverse members of the superphylum “DPANN,” two distinct communities are associated with the caldera wall, likely shaped by two different types of hydrothermal circulation. The communities whose phylogenetic diversity primarily aligns with that of the cone sites and magmatically influenced hydrothermal systems elsewhere are characterized predominately by anaerobic metabolisms. These populations are probably maintained by fluids with greater magmatic inputs that have interacted with different (deeper) previously altered mineral assemblages. However, proximal (a few meters distant) communities with gene-inferred aerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic metabolisms are likely supported by shallower seawater-dominated circulation. Furthermore, mixing of fluids from these two distinct hydrothermal circulation systems may have an underlying imprint on the high microbial phylogenomic diversity. Collectively our results highlight the importance of considering geologic evolution and history of subsurface processes in studying microbial colonization and community dynamics in volcanic environments.

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Volume 376: Brothers Arc Flux

Abstract: Introduction 2 Geological setting 6 Scientific objectives 6 Site summaries 23 Preliminary scientific assessment 25 References

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Sources of Mg Enrichments in Vent Fluids From the Kermadec Arc Recorded by Li, B, and Mg Isotopes

Sources of Mg Enrichments in Vent Fluids From the Kermadec Arc Recorded by Li, B, and Mg Isotopes

A new high-temperature borehole fluid sampler: the Multi-Temperature Fluid Sampler

Complex subsurface hydrothermal fluid mixing at a submarine arc volcano supports distinct and highly diverse microbial communities

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