“…In the current international economic climate, with limited resources it is perhaps even more important that we work together to understand the mechanisms of pain, develop novel approaches to management, and have a clear view of where our knowledge gaps are in order to target our research endeavours most effectively-translational pain medicine in the broadest sense. 2 As in many other areas of medicine advances in pain research tend to be in small incremental steps, rather than major breakthroughs, there is definite progress from the basic science, through the clinic and epidemiology-truly 'bench to bustop' rather than just bedside. 3 The changing norms in society and how these impact on our understanding and the expectation of pain and pain management are highlighted in the accompanying commentary by Fernando Cervero 4 , current President of the International Association for the Study of Pain.…”