Volterra and Wiener Equalizers for Short-Reach 100G PAM-4 Applications

Stojanović, Nebojša; Karinou, Fotini; Zhang, Qiang; Prodaniuc, Cristian

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2752363

Cited by 122 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Firstly, the performance is improved only by the odd polynomial orders, which is related to the odd behavior of the nonlinear system (sine behavior of MZM). Secondly, the nonlinear parts yield a performance improvement (EVM reduction) of ∼1.5 [dB] over the linear parts, which is in agreement with the results of previous studies [5], [20], which indicated that the nonlinear part introduces a penalty of 1 up to 3 [dB].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The number of Volterra series elements grows quickly with the memory and polynomial orders [19]. The use of Volterra-based compensation in high-speed communication systems can be relevant only with efficient, real-time and low-power methods [20]- [21]. Hence, dimensions reduction methods are critical to allow effective pre-distorters.…”

Section: Dimensions Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dimensions-Reduced Volterra Digital Pre-Distortion Based On Orthogonal Basis for Band-Limited Nonlinear Opto-Electronic Components

et al. 2019

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Optical communication systems often include nonlinear components, such as Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs). The components' nonlinearity may have a deleterious effect on the system performance, especially when the memory effect is included. One of the most common methods to mitigate the resultant distortion effects is digital predistortion (DPD) based on the Volterra polynomial model. Typically, the DPD coefficients are extracted using the least squares approach. However, naive implementation of the Volterra polynomial model usually introduces significant complexity due to the large number of model coefficients. Here, we propose the use of orthogonal polynomial basis functions for efficient DPD implementation. The orthogonal basis enables the estimation of each coefficient separately, which provides a significant computational gain. Furthermore, the amount of dominant terms in the orthogonal basis representation is significantly lower, which leads to dramatic relaxation in the DPD implementation. In addition to the analytical modeling approach, a nonparametric method is developed by applying eigenvalue decomposition on the correlation matrix, which is required for the case of dependent random variables, or for the case of unknown probability distribution functions. MZM-based lab experiments and simulations were performed, which indicated a potential saving of 50%-80% in the amount of useful dimensions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Dimensions Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions-Reduced Volterra Digital Pre-Distortion Based On Orthogonal Basis for Band-Limited Nonlinear Opto-Electronic Components

et al. 2019

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“…According to [3,26], a three-order structure is sufficient for short-reach optical interconnects. By expanding Equation 1, a three-order VE, named by…”

Section: Volterra Series and Neural Network-based Equalizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed Nonlinear Equalizers for 112-Gbps Optical Interconnects: Efficiency and Stability

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Low-complexity nonlinear equalization is critical for reliable high-speed short-reach optical interconnects. In this paper, we compare the complexity, efficiency and stability performance of pruned Volterra series-based equalization (VE) and neural network-based equalization (NNE) for 112 Gbps vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) enabled optical interconnects. The design space of nonlinear equalizers and their pruning algorithms are carefully investigated to reveal fundamental reasons of powerful nonlinear compensation capability and restriction factors of efficiency and stability. The experimental results show that NNE has more than one order of magnitude bit error rate (BER) advantage over VE at the same computation complexity and pruned NNE has around 50% lower computation complexity compared to VE at the same BER level. Moreover, VE shows serious performance instability due to its intricate structure when communication channel conditions become tough. Moreover, pruned VE presents more consistent equalization performance within varying bias values than NNE.

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“…This shows that distortion among the optical pulses can be suppressed by using adaptive equalization [30]. A finite impulse response (FIR) filter is used for the FFE method [31], whose output is shown in Equation 6as…”

Section: Feed Forward Equalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Equalization for Dispersion Mitigation in Multi-Channel Optical Communication Networks

et al. 2019

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Optical communication networks (OCNs) provide promising and cost-effective support for the ultra-fast broadband solutions, thus enabling them to address the ever growing demands of telecommunication industry such as high capacity and end users’ data rate. OCNs are used in both wired and wireless access networks as they offer many advantages over conventional copper wire transmission such as low power consumption, low cost, ultra-high bandwidth, and high transmission rates. Channel effects caused by light propagation through the fiber limits the performance, hence the data rate of the overall transmission. To achieve the maximum performance gain in terms of transmission rate through the OCN, an optical downlink system is investigated in this paper using feed forward equalizer (FFE) along with decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The simulation results show that the proposed technique plays a key role in dispersion mitigation in multi-channel optical transmission to uphold multi-Gb/s transmission. Moreover, bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor) below 10 − 5 and above 5, respectively, are achieved with electrical domain equalizers for the OCN in the presence of multiple distortion effects showing the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive equalization techniques.

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Volterra and Wiener Equalizers for Short-Reach 100G PAM-4 Applications

Cited by 122 publications

References 73 publications

Dimensions-Reduced Volterra Digital Pre-Distortion Based On Orthogonal Basis for Band-Limited Nonlinear Opto-Electronic Components

Dimensions-Reduced Volterra Digital Pre-Distortion Based On Orthogonal Basis for Band-Limited Nonlinear Opto-Electronic Components

Compressed Nonlinear Equalizers for 112-Gbps Optical Interconnects: Efficiency and Stability

Adaptive Equalization for Dispersion Mitigation in Multi-Channel Optical Communication Networks

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