Voltammetry of acetaminophen and its metabolites

Miner, David J.; Rice, John R.; Riggin, R.M.; Kissinger, Peter T.

doi:10.1021/ac00237a029

Cited by 203 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…11,35 This suggests the influence of pH on the oxidation and reduction peak potentials for both analytes is similar. Therefore, preliminary studies of the electrochemical behavior of DI and PCT were performed using cyclic voltammetry and glassy carbon electrode in different buffer solutions such as: citric acid/citrate (pH 3.0), acetic acid/acetate (pH 4.7), dihydrogen/hydrogen phosphate (pH 7.2) and boric acid/ borate (pH 9.2).…”

Section: Electrochemical Behavior Of DI and Pctmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Figure 1 shows that in this supporting electrolyte, DI presents four oxidation processes, partially in agreement with Cavalheiro et al 11 The first anodic peak occurs at +0.33 V, the second at +0.60 V, the third at +0.81 V and, the fourth at +0.96 V. As can be seen, one of the oxidation products is reduced at +0.53 V, which to our knowledge was not reported in the literature. PCT, in turn, presents a reversible behavior with an anodic peak at +0.54 V and the reduction of the product generated in the oxidation process (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, NABQ), at +0.44 V. 35 The results obtained using glassy carbon as working electrode and acetic acid/acetate as supporting electrolyte proportioned a good separation (ca. 0.2 V) between the first oxidation peak of DI and the oxidation peak of PCT.…”

Section: Electrochemical Behavior Of DI and Pctmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Simple flow injection amperometric system for simultaneous determination of dipyrone and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations

Santos¹,

Gimenes²,

Almeida³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho descreve uma metodologia simples empregando análise por injeção em fluxo com detecção amperométrica pulsada para determinação simultânea de dipirona (DI) e paracetamol (PCT) em formulações farmacêuticas. Os compostos são detectados através da aplicação de quatro pulsos de potencial (seqüenciais) em função do tempo. Dipirona é diretamente detectada em +0,40 V e paracetamol indiretamente em 0,00 V através da redução do produto de oxidação (N-acetil-pbenzoquinonaimina) gerada eletroquimicamente em +0,65 V. O quarto pulso de potencial (-0,05 V) é aplicado para a regeneração ou limpeza do eletrodo de trabalho (carbono vítreo). A faixa linear de resposta foi otimizada em 9 a 45 mg L -1 para dipirona e em 6 a 30 mg L -1 para paracetamol. As regressões lineares para as duas curvas analíticas apresentaram excelentes coeficientes de correlação (R = 0,999), assim como os resultados obtidos nos estudos de adição-recuperação (ca. 100%). A freqüência analítica para a metodologia proposta foi calculada em 45 injeções hora com o consumo de 1,5 mL de solução por minuto. O desvio padrão relativo do sinal para 24 injeções sucessivas foi calculado em 0,4 % para dipirona e 0,2 % para paracetamol. O método proposto foi usado com sucesso para a determinação destes compostos em formulações farmacêuticas.In this work a simple flow injection methodology with pulsed amperometric detection for simultaneous determination of dipyrone (DI) and paracetamol (PCT) in pharmaceutical formulations is described. The compounds are detected by applying four sequential potential pulses as function of the time. Dipyrone is directly detected at +0.40 V and paracetamol indirectly at 0.00 V through the reduction of the oxidation product (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine) electrochemically generated at +0.65 V. The fourth potential pulse (-0.05 V) is applied for the cleaning of the electrode surface (glassy carbon). The linear response range was optimized between 9 and 45 mg L -1 for dipyrone and 6 and 30 mg L -1 for paracetamol. Linear regression of these two series of experiments leads to excellent correlation coefficients (R = 0.999) for both analytes and recoveries of around 100%. The proposed methodology allows an analytical frequency of 45 injections h -1 with a consumption of 1.5 mL of solution per minute. The relative standard deviation for 24 successive injections of solutions containing DI and PCT was calculated as 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. The developed methodology was successfully used for the determination of dipyrone and paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples.Keywords: simultaneous determination, dipyrone, paracetamol, flow injection analysis (FIA), multiple pulse amperometric detection IntroductionDipyrone (DI), also known as metamizol, is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic with proven efficiency in pharmaceutical formulations.1 Despite being restricted in some countries, like the United States, DI is commercially available in Brazil, mainly due to its strong analgesic effect and a relative low cost.2 In some drugs, DI is pre...

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Section: Electrochemical Behavior Of DI and Pctmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Electrochemical Behavior Of DI and Pctmentioning

confidence: 89%

Simple flow injection amperometric system for simultaneous determination of dipyrone and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations

Santos¹,

Gimenes²,

Almeida³

et al. 2009

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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show abstract

“…42 Kissinger et al 43,44 deeply investigated the electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol through cyclic voltammetric studies. The first reaction step is an electrochemical oxidation involving two electrons and two protons to generate N-acetyl-p-quinoneimine.…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetric Study Of Paracetamol and Dypirone With Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of dypirone and paracetamol with carbon paste electrode and multivariate calibration methodology

Skeika¹,

Faria²,

Nagata³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Esse artigo descreve a determinação simultânea de dipirona (DIP) e de paracetamol (PAR) utilizando a técnica de Voltametria de Pulso Diferencial (VPD) e eletrodo de pasta de carbono não modificado. Devido à sobreposição dos picos voltamétricos de DIP e PAR, a metodologia de calibração multivariada baseada na Regressão de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLSR) foi proposta. O conjunto de voltamogramas obtidos na presença de ambos os analitos em diferentes concentrações foi pré-processado pelos dados centrados na média. Para escolha do número de componentes principais, um procedimento de validação cruzada foi empregado, sendo que quatro componentes principais foram necessárias para obtenção dos menores valores de PRESS (Prediction Residual Error Sum of Squares). Esse modelo explicou aproximadamente 95,5% da variância do conjunto de dados. Os dados obtidos utilizando-se esse modelo mostraram uma alta correlação entre as concentrações reais e previstas. Entretanto, para baixas concentrações do PAR, os erros relativos aumentaram para 25%. Comparando-se os valores de RMSEP (Root Mean Square of Error Prediction), entre PAR e DIP, foi observado que este foi menor para DIP, provavelmente devido a maior quantidade de informação analítica apresentada pelos voltamogramas desse analito quando comparado ao processo redox de PAR, o qual devido a sua oxidação irreversível apresenta apenas um único pico. This paper shows the simultaneous electrochemical determination of dypirone (DIP) and paracetamol (PAR) by differential pulse voltammetry technique (DPV) using an unmodified carbon paste electrode. Because of the overlapping of the voltammetric peaks of DIP and PAR, the multivariate calibration methodology based on Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) was proposed. The data pre-treatment used in this process was mean centering and to choose the principal component number a cross validation procedure was used (leave-one-out). Four principal components were necessary to obtain the lowest PRESS (Prediction Residual Error Sum of Squares). The statistics showed that this model explains approximately 95.5% of the variance from the data set. Using this model, high correlation between real and predicted concentrations was observed. However, for low concentrations of PAR the relative error increased to 25%. Comparing RMSEP (Root Mean Square of Error Prediction) between PAR and DIP, it was observed that it was lower for DIP probably due to higher analytical information in the voltammograms for this analyte when compared to the electrochemical process of PAR, which presented only one potential peak due to its irreversible oxidation.

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“…Several methods have been described in literature regarding detection of IBP and PCM using conventional or novel techniques. Such techniques include spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, GC-MS, HPLC, electrophoresis and etc [1][2][3][4][7][8][9][10][11][12] . In addition electrochemical techniques are also widely use for determination of IBP and PCM in wastewater 12,13 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Electrochemical Approach for Determination and Direct Monitoring of Drug Degradation in Water

Soomro¹,

Ismail²,

Hameed³

et al. 2013

Curr World Environ

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Voltammetry of acetaminophen and its metabolites

Cited by 203 publications

References 34 publications

Simple flow injection amperometric system for simultaneous determination of dipyrone and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations

Simple flow injection amperometric system for simultaneous determination of dipyrone and paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations

Simultaneous voltammetric determination of dypirone and paracetamol with carbon paste electrode and multivariate calibration methodology

A Simple Electrochemical Approach for Determination and Direct Monitoring of Drug Degradation in Water

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