Voltammetric evidence that subsensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress is associated with increased release of mesolimbic dopamine

Stamford, Jonathan A.; Muscat, Richard; O’Connor, John; Patel, Jyoti; Trout, Stephen J.; Wieczorek, Walter J.; Kruk, Zygmunt L.; Willner, Paul

doi:10.1007/bf02244322

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The release of dopamine (DA) in the prefrontal cortex has been shown to enhance alertness, temporal discrimination and delayed alterna tion tasks [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Mesolimbic functions include affectivity, emotionali ty, aggression, sexuality and neuroendocrine control. This dopaminergic system is closely related to the reward activity [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] which is enhanced by opiates and other stimulating drugs [77]. Prefrontal cortex (mesocortical) and subcortical systems have been shown to be antagonis tic.…”

Section: Behavioral C Hangessupporting

confidence: 39%

Benzodiazepines: Tolerability in Elderly Patients

Lechín

Dijs

Benaim³

1996

Psychother Psychosom

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Aging is a physiological process that shares many behavioral, biochemical and neuroendocrine phenomena with the pathophysiological situation of unresolved stress, as well as with a pharmacologically induced snydrome resulting from chronic benzodiazepine (BZ) consumption. Behavioral findings include symptoms such as drowsiness, ataxia, fatigue, confusion, weakness, dizziness, vertigo, syncope, reversible dementia, depression, impairment of intellectual, psychomotor and sexual function, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, paranoid ideation, panic, delirium, depersonalization, sleepwalking, aggressivity, orthostatic hypotension, and insomnia. Neuroendocrine findings include: central depletion of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine, adrenaline (AD), and serotonin (5-HT); reduction in the ratio of circulating NA/AD as well as platelet 5-HT and increase of AD, plasma free 5-HT and cortisol. These disturbances together with the increased platelet aggregability observed in the three groups are typical of unresolved-stress situations. Immunological findings include significant reduction of peripheral T lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8) and the CD4/CD8 ratio, CD 16 and gamma-delta cells. On the other hand, the three groups (elderly subjects, subjects faced with unresolved stress, and BZ consumers) show increase of the CD57 lymphocyte subset as well as natural killer cytotoxicity. Alterations of several biological markers have also been found, specifically in the oral glucose tolerance test, the intramuscular clonidine test, and the supine/orthostasis/exercise test. From a clinical point of view, the three groups appear to be more susceptible to the appearance and progression of many acute and chronic diseases (infectious and malignant diseases). As a result, chronic consumption of BZs should be avoided in both the elderly and subjects in unresolved-stress situations.

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Section: Behavioral C Hangessupporting

confidence: 39%

Benzodiazepines: Tolerability in Elderly Patients

Lechín

Dijs

Benaim³

1996

Psychother Psychosom

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“…The mesocorticolimbic system, which innervates limbic structures such as the nucleus acumbens, amygdala, ventral hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, is involved in a variety of behavioral functions related to motivation and reward, and may thus modulate symptoms like anhedonia [55] . Moreover, chronic stress and depressive states are associated with impaired limbic dopaminergic transmission [56][57][58] , and antidepressants were shown to increase mesolimbic DA-neurotransmission [59] . Although we did not examine the exact mechanism by which intra-nasally applied DA exerts its effects on immobility in the FST, there is evidence suggesting a key role of the dopamine D 2 -receptor in mediating antidepressant-like activity [for reviews, see 60,61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Behavioral Actions of Intranasal Application of Dopamine: Effects on Forced Swimming, Elevated Plus-Maze and Open Field Parameters

et al. 2008

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Background: Recently, we found evidence that intra-nasally administered dopamine (DA), can enter the brain, leading to an immediate increase in extracellular DA levels in striatal subregions. This offers a potential alternative approach to target the brain with exogenous DA, which otherwise cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, we examined whether intra-nasally applied DA also exerts behavioral activity on mesocortical and nigrostriatal dopaminergic functions. Method: Male Wistar rats (3–4 months) were tested for potential behavioral effects of intra-nasally applied DA (0.03, 0.3 or 3.0 mg/kg) in the forced swimming test (FST) for antidepressant-like activity, elevated plus-maze for anxiety-related behavior, and on motor activity in a novel and familiar environment. Results: Intra-nasally administered dopamine in a dose of 0.3 mg/kg exerted antidepressant-like activity in the FST, but had neither anxiolytic-like nor anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze. Furthermore, intra-nasal dopamine stimulated locomotor activity in a familiar, but not novel, open field. Conclusions: These results support the view that intra-nasally applied DA can act on the central nervous system by entering the brain via the nose-brain pathway, making this kind of application procedure a promising alternative for targeting the brain, and thus treating disorders involving mesocortical and/or nigrostriatal dopaminergic disturbances.

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“…CMS-induced anhedonia is associated with decreases in D 2 receptor binding and D 2 receptor message in the nucleus accumbens [149][150][151] , but increases in D 2 receptor binding and D 2 receptor message were found in 'prohedonic' animals [144] . A decreased inhibition of DA turnover by quinpirole has been reported in anhedonic animals [152] , while the opposite effect was seen in 'prohedonic' animals [142] , albeit that, the former observation was made in brain slices and the latter in whole brain. Finally, CMS-induced anhedonia is associated with an increase in cortical beta-adrenergic receptor binding [153][154][155][156] , whereas a decrease in cortical beta-receptor binding has been observed in animals showing decreased immobility in the forced swim test [89] .…”

Section: Neurobiological Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 41%

Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) Revisited: Consistency and Behavioural-Neurobiological Concordance in the Effects of CMS

Willner¹

2005

Neuropsychobiology

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The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications have confirmed that CMS causes behavioural changes in rodents that parallel symptoms of depression. This review summarizes studies from over sixty independent research groups that have reported decreases in reactivity to rewards, and a variety of other depression-like behaviours, in rats or mice, following exposure to CMS. Together, these changes are referred to as a ‘depressive’ behavioural profile. Almost every study that has examined the effects of chronic antidepressant treatment in these procedures has reported that antidepressants were effective in reversing or preventing these ‘depressive’ behavioural changes. (The single exception is a study in which the duration of treatment was too brief to constitute an adequate trial.) There are also a handful of reports of CMS causing significant effects in the opposite direction, termed here an ‘anomalous’ behavioural profile. There are six neurobiological parameters that have been studied in both ‘anhedonic’ and ‘anomalous’ animals: psychostimulant and place-conditioning effects of dopamine agonists; dopamine D₂ receptor number and message; inhibition of dopamine turnover by quinpirole, and beta-adrenergic receptor binding. On all six measures, CMS caused opposite effects in animals displaying ‘depressive’ and ‘anomalous’ profiles. Thus, there is overwhelming evidence that under appropriate experimental conditions, CMS can cause antidepressant-reversible depressive-like effects in rodents; however, the ‘anomalous’ profile that is occasionally reported appears to be a genuine phenomenon, and these two sets of behavioural effects appear to be associated with opposite patterns of neurobiological changes.

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Voltammetric evidence that subsensitivity to reward following chronic mild stress is associated with increased release of mesolimbic dopamine

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Benzodiazepines: Tolerability in Elderly Patients

Benzodiazepines: Tolerability in Elderly Patients

Behavioral Actions of Intranasal Application of Dopamine: Effects on Forced Swimming, Elevated Plus-Maze and Open Field Parameters

Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) Revisited: Consistency and Behavioural-Neurobiological Concordance in the Effects of CMS

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