Voltammetric, EQCM, and in situ conductance studies of p- and n-dopable polymers based on ethylenedioxythiophene and bithiazole

Electrochemical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) grown on Pt(111) in imidazolium ionic liquids

“…First of all, the conducting polymer lms exhibit a hysteresis of about 100 mV between positive-going and negative-going scan. This hysteresis response has also been observed in the conductivity, 39,40 mass change by electrochemical quartz microbalance, 29,41 and EPR spectroscopy measurements of PEDOT 37,38 and other conducting polymers. This behaviour has been explained mainly due to the high reorganization energy involved in the transition between the compact structure, at the reduced state, to the more open structure, in the oxidized state.…”

Analysis of Conjugated Polymers Conductivity by in situ Electrochemical‐Conductance Method

“…The stability of these anions strongly depends on the chemical structure of the initial monomer and the conformational structure of the oligomers. Most of them are unstable and cause degradation of the polymeric film or react with the electrolyte or impurities in the solvent . In addition, the influence of the counterion doping and solvent swelling lead to the polymer structural changes that may significantly limit the charge transfer rate .…”

“…Most of them are unstable and cause degradation of the polymeric film or react with the electrolyte or impurities in the solvent. [119,141] In addition, the influence of the counterion doping and solvent swelling lead to the polymer structural changes that may significantly limit the charge transfer rate. [121] In-situ conductance studies of the n-doping state showed that these materials are less conducting in this state, than their p-doping counterpart, which is attributed to a localized negative charges on the backbone rather than to a change of the doping levels.…”

Quartz Crystal Impedance Response of Nonhomogenous Composite Electrodes in Contact with Liquids

“…During last two decades, the quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) method has attracted much attention in solving various problems of solid–liquid interfaces. − The spectrum of the systems studied by the QCM is very wide: from a liquid-like layer on a metallic surface, and various types of practically important electrochemical systems, such as thin coatings of Li-insertion cathodes and anodes for rechargeable Li-ion batteries, and ions insertion into electronically conducting polymeric films, − to a great variety of biomolecules and biopolymer layers immobilized on the quartz-crystal surface. , The interfacial layer in such systems is generally nonhomogeneous, consisting of a solid phase, attached to the resonator surface, in contact with a neighboring liquid phase. These components interact with each other hydrodynamically during quartz-crystal oscillations.…”