Voltammetric determination of paraquat at DNA–gold nanoparticle composite electrodes

Electrochemical determination of paraquat in potato, lemon, orange and natural water samples using sensitive-rich clay carbon electrode

“…Thus, there is a demand for non-expensive analytical techniques that allow real-time detection. Moreover, the easy electrochemical reaction of paraquat permits its determination using modern voltammetric techniques at modified electrodes [12,13]. In this regard, the electrochemically analytical technique is an alternative to monitor lower concentration of paraquat in environment.…”

Sensitive and Selective Detection of Dopamine Using a DNA Immobilized Ethylenedidamine/Polyglutamic Modified Electrode

“…DNA-modified electrodes used as sensitive sensors for small molecules have been demonstrated [10][11][12][13]. In these sensors, DNA molecule was considered as a system of stacked p electron arrays, which could provide a rapid pathway for electronic charge transport.…”

Non‐Invasive Salivary Electrochemical Quantification of Paraquat Poisoning Using Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

“…Table 3 compares the limit of detection and linear range of the proposed method with other electrochemical methods detailed in the literature. As can be seen, this method does not use a modified electrode, but a simple and reproducible cathodic pretreatment, unlike most of the others, which use a modified electrode 4–6, 8–10. Furthermore, a method that employs mercury as a working electrode could be considered environmentally hazardous 7.…”

“…In order to verify possible human contamination/poisoning, researchers developed accurate analytical methods to analyze biological fluids. In the literature, paraquat can be quantified by many different analytical techniques such as electrochemistry 4–10, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection 11, spectrophotometry 12, 13, capillary electrophoresis with diode‐array detection (CE‐DAD) 14, and mass spectrometry 15. Most of these techniques are labor intensive or require well‐trained professionals, and involve several analytical steps and expensive equipment.…”